European Theater

Description

9th grade World History (World War 2) Mind Map on European Theater, created by Lizzie Steilberg on 25/04/2018.
Lizzie Steilberg
Mind Map by Lizzie Steilberg, updated more than 1 year ago
Lizzie Steilberg
Created by Lizzie Steilberg over 6 years ago
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Resource summary

European Theater
  1. Germany and Soviets invades Poland
    1. Britain and France realize that Hitler cannot be appeased, so they finally declare war on him (and therefore the rest of the axis powers)
      1. Poles are NOT prepared and try to match the Blitzkrieg with cavalry
      2. Germans unleash Blitzkrieg
        1. "lightning war"
          1. throw everything they've got, new technology, at the enemy (the Poles in this case)
            1. quickly overwhelm the enemy and avoid trench warfare
            2. German troops march into Warsaw
              1. Germans attack from the West, Russians attack from the East
                1. whole country falls in 27 days
                  1. Germans take Western Poland and Russians take Eastern, as established in the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact
                  2. Britain and France declare war
                    1. but it's a phony war
                      1. not much other than naval battles happens for like 5 months
                        1. gives Britain time to mobilize
                        2. Germany invades Denmark and then Norway
                          1. Blitzkrieg is launched against them
                            1. Denmark surrenders without a fight
                              1. Norway takes about a month
                                1. Nazi control of Norway threatens Britain
                                2. 1940 - Germany invades Belgium
                                  1. 1940 - Germany invades the Netherlands
                                    1. 1940 - France falls to Germany
                                      1. Maginot Line
                                        1. huge trench that the French built - they were READY for trench warefare!
                                          1. but there was no trench warfare, the Germans just went around it
                                        2. Paris Surrendered without a fight
                                          1. government went into hiding, many in Algeria
                                          2. were occupied until the end of the war
                                            1. Jews that had fled to France were now vulnerable
                                              1. The Battle for Britain
                                                1. they're the only ally left and the only thing standing between Hitler and his goal of ruling Europe
                                                  1. Operation Sea Lion
                                                    1. Hitler wanted to demoralize British first by massive air raids (on civilians) and then invade
                                                      1. people had to keep on living daily life because if they didn't the economy would die, and Germany would still win
                                                      2. the Brits invented and used radar technology at this time
                                                        1. they also had broken the German code, so they knew where/when they were tryna attack
                                                        2. Royal family stays in Buckingham palace throughout bombing because they've got to be the beacon of hope
                                                          1. Hitler gives up by 1940, amazed that Britain's held on
                                                            1. he actually goes to them and says that if they surrender, he'll stop (they decline)
                                                            2. 1940 - Sir Winston Churchill becomes prime minister
                                                              1. Churchill inspired British to “Their finest hour”
                                                                1. says that if they hang on, it will be their finest moment in all of history
                                                                2. 1941 - Operation Barbarossa
                                                                  1. Hitler invades the USSR, breaking the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pacts
                                                                    1. catches the Red Army OFF GUARD!
                                                                    2. 3-prong attack trying to capture Stalingrad, Moscow, and Leningrad
                                                                      1. 90% of Stalin’s generals were killed during the Great Purge so all of the leadership is lacking for the Soviets
                                                                        1. Nazis keep on pushing Red Army back
                                                                          1. Scorched Earth Policy - burning crops, buildings, or any other resources that a successfully invading enemy might be able to use
                                                                        2. Hitler besieged the city of Leningrad for 900 days, starvation was the biggest problem (a million people starved)
                                                                          1. breeds a deep hatred for Nazis in Russia
                                                                          2. Hitler attacks Stalingrad because it bears Stalin's name and has oil
                                                                            1. but then winter comes, and nobody survives winter in Russia except the Russians
                                                                              1. TURNING POINT OF THE WAR: Germans surrender in Stalingrad
                                                                          3. Holocaust begins too
                                                                            1. Stalin still doesn't join the allies
                                                                              1. When Stalin pushes the Germans back at Moscow, Britain and the US ask him to join the allies in winter of 1941
                                                                              2. 1942 - North Africa Campaign
                                                                                1. Important because winner would control the oil supply in the ME and the British-owned Suez Canal
                                                                                  1. British are led by Bernard Law Montgomery
                                                                                    1. Germans are led by Erwin Rommel, the "Desert Fox"
                                                                                      1. One of the most successful German generals
                                                                                        1. Named “desert fox” because he could out maneuver anyone
                                                                                        2. the Second Battle of El Alamein
                                                                                          1. Great Britain forces the axis powers back into Libya all the way to Tunisia
                                                                                          2. 1943 - The Italian Campaign
                                                                                            1. Americans are led by George S. Patton
                                                                                              1. goal is to liberate Rome and Paris and then work their way into Berlin, which they could now focus on since the Germans had surrendered in Africa
                                                                                              2. Italians have grown tired of Mussolini
                                                                                                1. he's imprisoned
                                                                                                  1. Nazis break him out of jail and set him up as a puppet commander where the allies can’t get to him
                                                                                                2. Patton and British forces lead an amphibious invasion of Sicily
                                                                                                  1. Sicily was quick and successful, and Messina (located at the tip of it) allows us to jump to the mainland of Italy
                                                                                                    1. By 1944, we get Rome back
                                                                                                      1. Italy was fairly easy to get back because in 1943 Mussolini was removed from power
                                                                                                        1. also because the Americans and the British gave kids candy and provided free medical care so people welcome them more and there are less battles
                                                                                                  2. June 6th, 1944 - D-Day
                                                                                                    1. needed another way into France because you can't get tanks through the Alps
                                                                                                      1. Stalin is desperate for the allies to open another front to the war to distract Germany since the USSR is on the offensive now
                                                                                                        1. Hitler thought that the allies were invading the port city of Calais
                                                                                                          1. Rommel (Desert Fox) was highered to build the Atlantic Wall and the beaches were fortified with iron and steel
                                                                                                            1. Patton builds a fake army out of balloons and Hollywood props in Dover
                                                                                                              1. Another fake army is built in Edinburgh in Scotland to make it look like they will invade Norway
                                                                                                            2. the plan is to aim for the beaches of Normandy
                                                                                                              1. General Eisenhower gives the orders for “Operation Overlord”
                                                                                                                1. There was terrible resistance, but the Allies prevailed because Hitler thought this was a diversion so he didn’t send more troops until later
                                                                                                                  1. In the early hours of the morning (like 1am) they drop paratroopers on the beaches to subdue Germans and to secure the bridges and villages so that the men that take the beaches don’t have to also take the villages
                                                                                                                    1. paratroopers don’t go as planned because they have to drop them sooner so they aren’t in the same location as planned
                                                                                                                      1. It took time to find each other and so they used code words to find each other
                                                                                                                  2. Huge invasion force made up of Americans, Brits, Canadian, free French, and others
                                                                                                                    1. The boats met in the English channel at Piccadilly Circus
                                                                                                                    2. has to be successful because they are showing all of their cards to Hitler at once and to plan something like this took 18-20 months (if it fails, they don't have that time again)
                                                                                                                    3. August 25th 1944 - Paris is liberated by Americans
                                                                                                                      1. 1944-1945 - The Battle of the Bulge
                                                                                                                        1. One last final offensive by the Germans to push the allies out of France
                                                                                                                          1. allies were really overwhelmed and were NOT expecting such resistance
                                                                                                                            1. but we win and continue pushing the Nazis back into Germany
                                                                                                                          2. FDR brings Patton back and allows him to fight again
                                                                                                                            1. 1945 - Mussolini and his mistress are killed
                                                                                                                              1. He realized the war will be lost so he and his mistress tried to sneak away to live in Spain
                                                                                                                                1. As he was fleeing the Italians find him and shoot him, his mistress, and their possy
                                                                                                                                  1. string up their bodies in Milan so people went and spit and yelled nasty things at his body
                                                                                                                                2. Hitler commits suicide
                                                                                                                                  1. receives word the Mussolini has been killed and that the allies are about to win the war
                                                                                                                                    1. Hitler would NEVER surrender so he went into his deeply fortified bunker and when the threat of the Soviets was imminent he killed himself
                                                                                                                                      1. also doesn’t want what happened to Mussolini’s body to happen to him
                                                                                                                                    2. May 8, 1945 - V-E Day
                                                                                                                                      1. Hitler finally is defeated and Nazis surrender
                                                                                                                                        1. but as Americans march across Nazi territory, they uncover concentration camps...
                                                                                                                2. miracle of Dunkirk
                                                                                                                  1. Hundreds of thousands of men are trapped on the beaches of Dunkirk, sandwiched between the Germans and the ocean
                                                                                                                    1. Winston Churchill gave an impassioned plea to British citizens to get in their boats and rescue soldiers from the beaches of Dunkirk These civilians, normal, everyday people load as many people as they can on their boats to take them to Navy cruisers
                                                                                                                      1. the bulk of the men are saved in this way
                                                                                                                        1. they had to abandon all of their heavy machinery which the Germans recovered to get British military intelligence
                                                                                                                    2. left France vulnerable because all the soldiers were in Britain
                                                                                                                      1. Caused a fair amount of animosity between the two
                                                                                                                        1. French were like bruh we could’ve fought them off
                                                                                                                          1. British were like no we needed to save lives succ it up
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