Cytology

Inflammation
1. Neutrophilic
  1. suppurative, acute
    1. degeneration may be seen
      1. Try to identify intracellular bacteria
2. Pyogranulomatous
  1. macrophages and neutrophils
    1. chronic process, fungal infection, FB
3. Granulomatous
  1. macrophages and lymphocytes
    1. chronic inflammation, specific infections (mycobacterium)
4. Eosinophilic
  1. allergic/hypersensitivity, parasitism, eosinophilic granuloma
5. Lymphoplasmacytic
  1. allergic/immune reactions, chronic inflammation
Neoplasia
1. Round Cells
  1. high cellularity
  2. evenly distributed
  3. round, distinct border
  4. distinctive morphology
  5. Usually haemopoietic origin
    1. LYMPH
      1. lymphoma
      2. transmissible venereal tumour
      3. Mast cell tumour
      4. Plasma cell tumour
      5. Histiocytic tumour
2. Epithelial cells
  1. skin, repsiratory, GIT, urogenital etc, they are tumours of glands and organs
    1. high cellularity
    2. form clusters/rafts, cell to cell borders
    3. round to cuboidal shape
    4. many have acini (projections)
  2. Benign Epithelial tumours
    1. folicular or epidermal inclusion cysts
    2. basal cell tumour
    3. sebaceous adenoma
    4. epithelioma
  3. Carcinomas
    1. many tissues of origin, some have distinctive morphology eg squamous cell carcinoma
    2. need to assess criteria of malignancy
  4. Naked Nuclei Cells
    1. epithelial cells technically but they behave differently
    2. highly cellular, loosely adherent, occasional clusters
    3. Indistinct cell borders - look like free nuclei. Nuclei are often indented
    4. endocrine origins
      1. anal sac carcinoma, insulinomas, thyroid tumours
3. Mesenchymal Cells
  1. low to high cellularity
  2. discrete cells
  3. spindle shaped, whispy cytoplasmic tails
  4. may produce matrix - pink
  5. Benign Mesenchymal tumours
    1. Fibroplasia, Inflammation, Granulation tissue Lipoma, Fibroma
  6. Sarcoma
    1. malignant mesenchymal cells
Criteria of Malignancy
1. Pleomorphism
  1. cell shape
  2. cell size - anisocytosis
  3. nuclear size - anisokaryosis
  4. nucleolar size- anisonucleoliosis
2. Nucleaus : cytoplasm
3. immature (coarse) chromatin pattern
4. prominent and/or multiple nucleoli
5. multinucleation
6. nucear molding
7. increased and/or abnormal mitotic figures

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Cytology

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	Created by Emma Dunseath almost 8 years ago