Module 2: Policing

Module 2: Policing

1. Goals of the CJS (from Module 1)

2. History of Policing

   • British Roots
     • Colonial Era/ Early U.S. : watch system
       • Different Eras
         • Political
           • 1842-1920 : corruption heavy
         • Professional
           • 1920-1970 : merit, if you are important you'll get along with law enforcement
         • Community
           • 1970-present day : CP, P-OP

3. Agencies in the CJS

   • Federal
     • FBI, DEA, U.S. Marshal Service, ATF, Homeland, Secret Service, TSA, IRS, NPS
   • State
     • Highway Patrol (major highways, drug interdiction)
       • Local Agencies
         • County level (sheriff dept), Municipal, operate jails, police function in rural areas

4. Special Jurisdiction

   • Native American Tribal Police, college campuses, county parks

5. Citizen's Rights and Policing

   • Fourth (search & seizure), Fifth (self incrimination, questioning suspects), Sixth Amendments (right to counsel)

6. Exclusionary Rule

   • illegally obtained evidence must be excluded from trial
     • Exceptions
       • good faith: consent to search by someone who lacks authority, warrant improperly issued
       • Inevitable discovery: used if evidence would be discovered later without improper action of police

7. Legal Limitations on Police Investigation

   • Fourth, Fifth, Sixth
     • Fourth
       • search for and examination of evidence (on person or place)
         • Plain View Doctrine : visible from position, whether to invited to search or not, any person/ property
     • Fifth
       • Self incrimination
     • Sixth
       • Right to counsel