16135533
Description
Mind Map by Jayditya Jignesh, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jayditya Jignesh
over 5 years ago
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Over-population
and
Under-population
- Over-population
- Causes
- BR rate and DR rate
- Due to improved technology, efficient healthcare and medical facilities global
birth rates have soared. The probability of infants surviving beyond the age of
five has increased too. Better health care has led to a reduction in mortality
rates which causes a lot of growth in the overall population.
- Poverty
- Poverty is also indicative of over – population. Economically stunted nations with low income
rates don’t have the capacity or ability to support growing populations. The mentality of
groups or families living below the poverty line not helpful either. They try to cope with
poverty by increasing the size of their respective families and increase their income.
- Illiteracy and lack of family planning
- Literacy and growth rates are directly correlated to each other. Literacy rates in developing nations are pretty low
due to their economy being primarily agro-based. Increasing literacy rates improves the general awareness of people
and changes their social attitudes and attitudes towards birth control. Lack of efficient and enforced policies related
to family planning also leads to over – population.
- Literacy and growth rates are directly correlated to each other. Literacy rates in developing nations are pretty low
due to their economy being primarily agro-based. Increasing literacy rates improves the general awareness of people
and changes their social attitudes and attitudes towards birth control. Lack of efficient and enforced policies related
to family planning also leads to over – population.
- Poverty is also indicative of over – population. Economically stunted nations with low income
rates don’t have the capacity or ability to support growing populations. The mentality of
groups or families living below the poverty line not helpful either. They try to cope with
poverty by increasing the size of their respective families and increase their income.
- Due to improved technology, efficient healthcare and medical facilities global
birth rates have soared. The probability of infants surviving beyond the age of
five has increased too. Better health care has led to a reduction in mortality
rates which causes a lot of growth in the overall population.
- BR rate and DR rate
- Impacts
- Depletion of natural resources
- Pressure on resources like food and water would increase. Food
and fresh water supplies would be inadequate which would
result in malnutrition and lowered resistance to diseases.
Growing numbers and limited food would lead to an increase in
imports which would send economies spiralling into debt.
- Environmental hazards
- Growth in the population would take its toll on the land, increasing the
demand for area which would lead to deforestation or loss of natural
habitat. Industrialization and urbanization would increase the global
pollutions levels too, causing imbalances in the atmosphere and global
warming.
- Unemployment and poverty
- Large populations strain the economy and wouldn’t be able to support themselves
due to the scarcity of jobs. A majority of the population would be subjected to
poverty and high costs of living due to the sheer pressure on the economy.
- Large populations strain the economy and wouldn’t be able to support themselves
due to the scarcity of jobs. A majority of the population would be subjected to
poverty and high costs of living due to the sheer pressure on the economy.
- Growth in the population would take its toll on the land, increasing the
demand for area which would lead to deforestation or loss of natural
habitat. Industrialization and urbanization would increase the global
pollutions levels too, causing imbalances in the atmosphere and global
warming.
- Pressure on resources like food and water would increase. Food
and fresh water supplies would be inadequate which would
result in malnutrition and lowered resistance to diseases.
Growing numbers and limited food would lead to an increase in
imports which would send economies spiralling into debt.
- Depletion of natural resources
- An Example of a overpopulated country is Bangladesh
- Causes
- Under-population
- Impacts
- Unstable economy
- Under – population has an adverse effect on the economy
causing deflation (decrease in the overall price levels of goods and
services). A decline in the population leads to lack of demand.
- Decrease in pollution and
environmental problems
- The pressure on natural resources and the basic infrastructure of
an area decreases. Levels of pollutions are cut down too.
- Population ageing
- Due to decreased rates of procreation, there is an increase in the social
and economic pressure on the youth who have to expand the per capita
output in order to support the economy. This also leads to a poor quality
of life for the youth.
- Labour shortage
- Declining populations could create labour shortages which could have both
positive and negative effects. Labour – intensive sectors of the economy
would be adversely affected by such conditions. However a shortage would
inevitably increase the demand for labour and potentially reduce
unemployment. Share on:
- Declining populations could create labour shortages which could have both
positive and negative effects. Labour – intensive sectors of the economy
would be adversely affected by such conditions. However a shortage would
inevitably increase the demand for labour and potentially reduce
unemployment. Share on:
- Due to decreased rates of procreation, there is an increase in the social
and economic pressure on the youth who have to expand the per capita
output in order to support the economy. This also leads to a poor quality
of life for the youth.
- The pressure on natural resources and the basic infrastructure of
an area decreases. Levels of pollutions are cut down too.
- Under – population has an adverse effect on the economy
causing deflation (decrease in the overall price levels of goods and
services). A decline in the population leads to lack of demand.
- Unstable economy
- Causes
- Total fertility rate
- The fertility rate in many developed and developing countries has
dropped to about two children per women due to factors like literacy,
economic development or urbanization (increasing the cost or
standard of living) making the idea of having big families impractical.
Changed attitudes toward contraception and an improvement in the
social role of females has also affected this demographic attribute.
- War and other conflicts
- People have waged wars since the middle ages and continue to do so.
Advanced technology has made modern warfare a huge factor or
element in the decline of population. Individuals fighting over resources
and space end up killing each other on a massive scale due to the
introduction of nuclear and chemical warfare which has a negative
effect on the overall population of an area or region.
- Disease
- Disease and illness has always caused a decline in the population. The
emergence of new diseases like HIV/AIDS which has decreased the
population globally.
- Famine
- Famine is the scarcity of food caused due to factors like crop failure and
disproportionate population. Being a ‘push’ factor, it has an adverse effect
on the population of a region or country.
- Famine is the scarcity of food caused due to factors like crop failure and
disproportionate population. Being a ‘push’ factor, it has an adverse effect
on the population of a region or country.
- Famine
- Disease and illness has always caused a decline in the population. The
emergence of new diseases like HIV/AIDS which has decreased the
population globally.
- Disease
- People have waged wars since the middle ages and continue to do so.
Advanced technology has made modern warfare a huge factor or
element in the decline of population. Individuals fighting over resources
and space end up killing each other on a massive scale due to the
introduction of nuclear and chemical warfare which has a negative
effect on the overall population of an area or region.
- War and other conflicts
- The fertility rate in many developed and developing countries has
dropped to about two children per women due to factors like literacy,
economic development or urbanization (increasing the cost or
standard of living) making the idea of having big families impractical.
Changed attitudes toward contraception and an improvement in the
social role of females has also affected this demographic attribute.
- Total fertility rate
- An example of a under- populated country is Australia
- Impacts
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