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Biodiversity
Description
Mind Map on Biodiversity, created by megan.daye4 on 11/11/2014.
Mind Map by
megan.daye4
, updated more than 1 year ago
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megan.daye4
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Resource summary
Biodiversity
Evolution
The process by which new species are formed from pre-existing ones over very long periods of time.
Charles Darwin
Studied Finches on the Galapagos Islands
Observations
Individuals produce large numbers of offspring (overproduce) but the number of adults in a population remains constant from one generation to the next
Adaptive radiation
The emergence of new species from a common ancestor introduced into a new environment
Charles Darwin suggested that evolution occured as a consequence of natural selection
Natural selection
The mechanism by which changes in species are brought about
Suggests that organisms best adapted to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce
The successful genes are then passed on to the offspring
Reasons for extinction
Genetic bottleneck
An evolutionary event in which a significant proportion of a species dies and genetic diversity within the species is reduced
Competition between species
Competition for resources such as; food, land, territory and mates
Overhunting by humans
Deforestation or destruction of habitats
Spatially
Refers to geographical space. Some places have more biodiversity than others as you move from the poles toward the equator
The most biodiverse places are the rainforest and the coral reef
Classification
Kingdom. Phylum. Class. Order. Family. Genus. Species
Binomial names
Binomial names use an organisms Genus and then species
E.g Homo sapien
Its useful as scientists all over the world can communicate easily
Biochemical Methods
Genetic fingerprinting/DNA profiling: using electrophoresis to see similarities in the base sequence/genes
DNA Hybridization: Comparing how separated DNA strands of different species still bind together
Convergent Evolution
Where two organisms from different species look physicaly similar due to them evolving similar features
E.g Hedgehog and porcupine
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