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PVD

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Mind Map on PVD, created by Rama Ibrahim on 11/03/2019.
Rama Ibrahim
Mind Map by Rama Ibrahim, updated more than 1 year ago
Rama Ibrahim
Created by Rama Ibrahim almost 7 years ago
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Resource summary

PVD
  1. Risk factors
    1. Smoking
      1. Diabetes
        1. Obesity
          1. Hypertension
            1. Hyperlipidemia
              1. Age
                1. Family history
                  1. High homocysteine protein
                  2. Causes
                    1. Atherosclerosis
                      1. Blood vessel inflammation
                        1. Injury to limbs
                          1. Anomalies
                            1. Radiation exposure
                            2. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
                              2. Signs and symptoms
                                1. Intermittent claudication in calf
                                  1. Changes in skin
                                    1. Diminished pulse in lower limbs
                                      1. Gangrene
                                        1. Impotence
                                          1. Non-healing wounds over pressure points
                                            1. Numbness
                                              1. Pain
                                                1. Pallor when legs are elevated
                                                2. Diagnosis of PVD
                                                  1. Medical history
                                                    1. Physical examination
                                                      1. Ankle brachial pressure index
                                                      2. Blood lipid profile
                                                        1. Doppler ultrasound flow studies
                                                          1. CT scan
                                                            1. Angiogram
                                                              1. MRI
                                                                1. Treadmill exercise test
                                                                  1. Pulse volume recording waveform analysis
                                                                    2. Complications
                                                                      1. Amputation
                                                                        1. Poor wound healing
                                                                          1. Restricted mobility due to pain or discomfort
                                                                            1. Severe pain
                                                                              1. Stroke
                                                                                1. Heart attack
                                                                                2. Prognosis
                                                                                  1. Very poor long term prognosis
                                                                                    1. Increase 10 year mortality 15 times higher
                                                                                    2. Treatment
                                                                                      1. Antihyperlipidemic drug
                                                                                        1. ACE inhibitors
                                                                                          1. Diuretics
                                                                                            1. Beta blockers
                                                                                              1. Calcium channel blockers
                                                                                                1. Stenting

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