LISTENING

LISTENING

1. MISCONCEPTIONS

   • Listening and Hearing Are Not The Same Thing
     • Hearing is the process in which sound waves strike the eardrum and cause vibrations that are transmitted to the brain. Listening occurs when the brain reconstructs these electrochemical impluses into a representation of the original sound and then gives them meaning.
     • Hearing - Attending - Understanding - Responding - Remembering
     • Attending: the act of paying attention to a signal. Understanding: the process of making sense of a message. Listening Fidelity: to describe the degree of congruence between what a listener understands and what the message sender was attempting to communicate. Responding: giving observable feedback to the speaker.
   • Listening Is Not A Natural Process. However, it can be improved through instructions and training.
   • Listeners Do Not Receive the Same Message.

2. Overcoming Challenges to Effective Listening

   • Mindful Listening Requires Effort.
     • Mindless Listening vs. Mindful Listening.
   • Faulty Listening Behaviors
     • Pseudolistening: the listener might seem interested but actually what they say is not what they are thinking.
     • Selective Listening: respond to only the parts that interest them. Ex: listening to commercials or music, people only spot out the thing that they like.
     • Defensive Listening: taking innocent comments as personal attacks. Ex: Personally, I am very strict to my younger sister. So whenever she is being ligh-hearted, I usually take it serious and give her a whole lecture about life even though I know there is no need to.
     • Ambushing: Listening carefully to collect information to attaack what you have to say.
     • Insulated Listening: Avoid the topics that they dont like.
     • Stage Hogging: Try to turn the topic of conversations to themselves instead of showing interest in the speaker.
   • Reasons for Poor Listening
     • Message Overload
     • Rapid Thought
     • Psychological Noise
     • Physical Noise
     • Hearing Problems
     • Faulty Assumptions
     • Talking Has More Apparent Advantages
     • Cultural Differences
     • Media Influence

3. PERSONAL LISTENING STYLES

   • Content-Oriented: interested in the quality of messages they hear.
   • People-Oriented: Concerned with creating and maintaining positive relationships.
   • Time-Oriented: Concerned with efficiency

4. INFORMATIONAL LISTENING: the approach to take when you want to understand another person

   • Dont aruge or judge prematurely
   • Seperate the message from the speaker
   • Search for value
   • Look for key ideas
   • Ask questions
   • Paraphrase: telling what you understood. Change the speaker's wording. Offer an example of what you think the speaker is talking about. Reflect the underlying theme of the speaker's remarks
   • Take notes

5. CRITICAL LISTENING: Listen for information before evaluating. Evaluate the speaker's credibility. Examine the speaker's evidence and reasoning. Examine emotional appeals

6. LISTENING AS SOCIAL SUPPORT: the approach to use when others seek help for personal dilemmas.

   • Social Support and Mediated Comm
   • Gender and Social Support
   • Types of supportive responses: Advising (offering a solution), Judging (evaluating the sender's thoughts or behaviors), Analyzing (interpretaion of the speaker's message), Questioning, Comforting, Prompting (silence and brief statement), Reflecting
   • When and How to help: make sure your support is welcome

7. During investigation, how can the judges believe what the witness say if people can only remember half of what they hear immediately after hearing it?

8. I did not know that men are just as likely as women to respond supportively when they perceive that the other person is feeling a high degree of emotional stress. Me just react differently from women.

9. I want to find out how to manage all these skills in order to be a good listener.