Geography: Changing Economic World

Geography: Changing Economic World

1. Causes of Uneven Development

   • Poor Climate
     • No crops will grow to eat or sell which could lead to malnutrition and less money to spend on services
   • Poor Farming Land
     • If the land is steep or has poor soil then not a lot of food will be produced.
   • Very few raw Materials
     • Tend to make less money because they've got fewer products to sell
   • Lots of Natural Hazards
     • Countries that have a lot of natural hazards have to spend a lot of money rebuilding

2. Economic Development

   • NEE: Nigeria
     • Effects of economic development
       • Life expectancy - from 46 to 53 years
       • 64% have access to safe water
       • Schooling years - from 7 to 9 years
     • Aid and Debt Relief
       • Receives $5billion per year in aid
       • Aid groups have improved health centres
     • TNCs
       • Advantages
         • Investment has created employment opportunities
         • Has been the main source of investments in oil and gas
       • Disadvantages
         • Oil fares and toxic fumes have increased air pollution
         • Social unrest in area lead to theft, sabotage and violent crimes

3. Economic development in the UK (HIC)

   • Changes in the economy
     • Primary and secondary industries have declined
     • Tertiary and quartenary industries have grown due to deindustrialisation
   • Social & Economic impacts of population decline
     • School closures and younger generation moving away
     • Farming industry only available for 2 days a week because the tourism industry has increased
   • North-South Divide
     • Reducing it:
       • Transport improvements
       • Enterprise zones
     • Evidence:
       • Employment rates are higher in the north
       • House prices and GCSE grades are lower in the north

4. Increasing Development - Tourism & TNCs

   • Growth of Tourism: Jamaica
     • Negatives
       • Many people still live in poor quality housing
       • Infrastructure improvements are focused on tourist resorts/sites
     • Positives
       • Jobs from tourism have meant more money being spent
       • New sewage plants have reduced pollution
   • Advantages
     • Create jobs
     • Employees in poorer countries get a more reliable income
     • New technology are brought
   • Disadvantages
     • May be paid lower wage
     • Have to work long hours and in poor conditions
     • Jobs created in LICs aren't secure