GROUP DISPLAY

GROUP DISPLAY

1. SPORTS

   • XENOPHOBIA
     • Wilson (1975) claims it is seem in 'virtually every group of animals' due to social organisation
     • Natural selection has placed genes that cause humans to be selfless towards members of group to be intolerant towards outsiders
       • Wong (1989) ... so ancestors could avoid attack and so preserve more offspring
     • MacDonald (1992) 'EXAGGERATION IS BEST' - overperception of threat is less costly than underperception
   • TERRITORALITY
     • Protective response to an invasion of one's territory
       • Huntingford and Turner (1987) This behaviour is common in animals as they show threat displays toward outsiders when defemding home territory
     • Territorial behaviour is shown in sports teams in order to intimidate opponents and encourages the home team to be more aggressive

2. WARFARE

   • BENEFITS
     • SEXUAL SELECTION
       • Divale and Harris (1976) due to their being less women than men in these societies, men must compete with each other in order to attain female mates
     • Chagnon (1988) Aggressive displays are deemed attractive to females i.e. male warriors tend to have more sexual partners and children suggesting a direct reproductive benefit
   • COSTLY DISPLAYS
     • Iron (2004) claims that signals of commitment to a group include scars and mutilation, which shows that they are loyal to the members of the group

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