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Jap Grammar

Hailey Bevier English

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Jap Grammar

  1. Particles

    • は
      • Topic marker  -comes after the noun(topic) in a sentence p.a-46
      • Ex) すずきさんは留学生です。
    • の
      • の is used is show the relationship between 2 nouns.  -shows, possession,group membership,or location  -the order goes from big to small p.a-53
      • used to refer to thing mentioned immediately before -noun/adj.+の (pronoun) -means one/ones ちゃいろいの→brown one きれいの→pretty one スミスさんの→Mr.Smith's p.a-188
    • も
      • -means also or too -used to show similarities p.a-61
    • を
      • Direct object marker  -DO is the object that receives the action  -comes before the verb and directly after the object p.a-99
    • へ
      • indicates a direction toward which something/someone moves 
    • で
      • indicates where an action/ event takes place  -in, at, on  p.a-101
      • by means of with by p.a-190
    • に
      • indicates a goal, destination, point of arrival, contact, or -to, into, onto p.a-100 a point in time   -in, at, on   -only for specific point in time p.a-106
    • よ
      • I tell you You know p.a-155
    • ね
      • isn't it? right? correct? p.a-155
    • Double particles
  2. Questions

    • はい・いいえ
      • ~は~ですか。 ~is~?
    • Question words
      • 何-what 何+suffix (何時・なねんせい) どこーwhereどちらーwhere (politer)  -どちらからきました。 (for fom. sit) p.a-56
    • Asking for locations
      • ~はどこにありますか。(inanimate) ~はどこにいますか。(animate) p.a-142
  3. Forms

    • てーform
      • るーverbs
        • Drop る and add て
      • うーverbs
        • う つ る → って む ぶ ぬ → んで く → いて ぐ → いで す → して する → して くる → きて いく → いって https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cj-P-nEPoe0
      • uses
    • Verb Tenses
      • Past
        • Plain past -change to たーform (like て-form but changed to た) Polite ます→ました ません→ませんでした p.a-114
      • Non-past
    • Volitional
    • Causative
    • Imperative
    • passive
    • Conditioial
    • Potential
  4. Adverbs

    • Frequency
      • いつも、たいてい、よく、時々、あまり、ぜんぜん -あまり・ぜんぜん end with the neg. verb form p.a-111
  5. こ、そ、あ、ど

    • これ、それ、あれ、どれ -used to refer to things (this, that, those) -nounp.a-136
    • ここ、そこ、あそこ、どこ -used to refer to places -cant not be used for ppl unless they are in a pic -nounp.a-142
    • この、その、あの、どの -can not be used by itself -can be used for ppl   -adj.p.a-178
  6. Adjectives

    • Describing ppl and things
      • adj./adv.+noun 大きい家 きれな家 neg くろい→くろくない ゆめいな→ゆめじゃないp.a-146
    • Describing ppl/things and there location
      • ~に~が あります・います。 そこにねこがいます。 p.a-151

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Mind Map on Jap Grammar, created by Hailey Bevier on 10/05/2020.
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Hailey Bevier
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