Tourism Mindmap

Tourism

Global growth
1. World's largest Industry
  1. 940 million international tourists 2009 ->1.6 billion 2020.
  2. Provides millions of jobs
  3. Caribbean countries - 50% GDP
2. Factors affecting growth
  1. Social and economic
    1. e.g. Increase in wealth since 1950
  2. Improvements in technology
    1. e.g. Jet aircraft, internet communications
  3. Expansion of holiday choice
    1. Foreign destinations<-National Parks<-Coastal resorts
  4. Budget Airlines
Attractions for Tourism
1. Culture
  1. Architecture, Art,galleries
  2. Shops, restaurants
2. Natural landscape
  1. Mountains e.g. Alps
  2. Coastlines
3. Small case study- attractions
  1. Italy
Mass Tourism and its effects
1. Advantages
  1. Jobs in hotels better pay than farming
  2. New infrastructure e.g. Roads, communications
  3. Construction jobs for local people
  4. New leisure facilities and services - local people can use
  5. Economic benefits e.g. Money from taxes
2. Disadvantages
  1. Seasonal work
  2. Large travel companies dominate
  3. Construction damage to environment
  4. Few local people paid well
  5. Investing companies = foreign - profits "leak" abroad
  6. Local farmers sell land and lose income
  7. Tourists prefer imported food
  8. Culture clashes with locals e.g. drugs and alcohol
3. Case Study of mass tourism in tropical environment
  1. Jamaica
Tourism in Extreme Environments
1. Dangerous landscapes
2. Difficult climate
3. Growing numbers
  1. Adventure
    1. e.g. Rock climbing, white-water rafting
  2. Examples
    1. Crossing deserts
    2. Climbing waterfalls in Jamaica
  3. Target market
    1. Often around 30
    2. Single
    3. No children
    4. Often wealthy
4. Case study of tourism in extreme environment
  1. Antarctica
Ecotourism
1. Stewardship
  1. = careful management of the global environment
2. Conservation
  1. Small scale
    1. = thoughtful use of resources
3. Aims
  1. Ecotourists want direct experience of natural environment
  2. Holidays should have little environmental impact
  3. Energy used sustainably
  4. Eat local food
  5. Small scale = small market
4. Case study
  1. Galapagos Islands
How important is tourism in different countries?
1. How do we manage tourism in the UK?
  1. Butler Model
  2. Growth
    1. 1950s/60s
      1. Higher income
      2. Longer holidays
      3. Cheap package holidays abroad
        UK weather - unreliable
  3. Contribution to UK economy
    1. £120 billion/year from tourism
    2. Hotels and restaurants earn most
    3. London Eye - most visited paying attraction
  4. Case study
    1. UK Tourist Resort Blackpool
    2. Or
    3. National Park
      1. Lake District
        Attractions
        Impacts
        Management
        Conflicts and opportunities
  5. UK National Parks
    1. First created 1951 Act of Parliament
    2. Aims
      1. Conserve natural landscape
      2. Provide access for the public
    3. Most land privately owned
    4. Tourism provides much needed jobs in rural areas
  6. External factors influencing tourism
    1. Terrorism - e.g. 7/7 Bombings London 2005
    2. Exchange rates and the banking crisis
      1. Too expensive to travel
2. Economic importance
  1. Top 10 countries
    1. France - more arrivals than any other country for many years -city breaks, camping skiing, sun sea and sand
    2. USA earns more - Europeans travel further so willing to pay more
    3. China - unusual landscape and culture
    4. Caribbean - 50% of visitors from USA
      1. Poor countries - tourism essential
        Many employed e.g. Waiters
        Foreign exchange
        Taxes on visitors pay for roads etc
        Extra jobs created
        New small business start ups
  2. Small case study - Dubai

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	Created by John Ditchburn about 9 years ago