Memory and Law - Eye-witness Issues

Recognising faces
1. Face recognition encoding
  1. View-centred/pictorial vs expression independent description
  2. Encoding specificity Theory (Tulving 1983)
Identification Methods (Line-up)
1. Accuracy variables (estimator and system) Wells 1978
2. Suspect biases
3. Simultaneous vs Sequential
  1. Sequential Superiority Effect
4. Decision Making Strategy
  1. Relative Decision Making Strategy
  2. Absolute Decision Making Strategy
  3. Solution: video line-up
Memory
1. Stress
2. Misinformation Effect
  1. Post-event Info - Three Hypothesis
    1. Over-writing Initial Trace
    2. Both traces stored but mislead
    3. Source Monitoring (Johnson et al 1993)
      1. Reality/External Source/Internal Source Monitoring
3. Reconstructive Memory
  1. Scripts and Schemas (Bartlett 1932)
  2. Prone to Distortion (Spiro 1980)
4. Social Pressure
  1. Memory Conformity Studies (Gabbert et al 2004)
    1. Confederate more powerful
    2. Co-witness effects (Garry et al 2008)
    3. Creditbility of misinformation
5. Children Eye-witness
  1. Less info / stereotype influence
  2. Emotional and Social Demands (Bottoms et al 2002) - secret keeping experiment
  3. Developmental Differences
    1. Fuzzy Trace Model (Brainerd and Reyna 1990)
      1. Verbatim Info and Gist Info
6. Cognitive Interview
  1. Encoding Specificity Principle (Tulving 1983)
  2. Standard Interview
  3. Different Interview Stages
    1. Building Rapport
    2. Free Recall
    3. Mentally Travel Back
    4. Reporting in Different Order
    5. Problem: Time Consuming
  4. Modified Cognitive Interview (Dando et al 2009)
    1. Drawing Sketch of Scene
Jury and Decision Making
1. Three-Stage 'Story' Model (Pennington and Hastie 1986)
  1. Evaluating Stage
  2. Generating Theories
  3. Matching Process
  4. Issues
    1. Schema
    2. Early Decision
    3. Expert Evidence (Tinsely 2000)

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Memory and Law - Eye-witness Issues

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	Created by gloriachan over 10 years ago