2582171
Description
Mind Map by Barbara Walters, updated more than 1 year ago
|
Created by Barbara Walters
about 9 years ago
|
|
History of Life's Origin
- Conditions of early Earth made life possible
- Raw Materials
- H2O, N2, CO2, CH4, NH3, H2, and H2S gases present
- H2O, N2, CO2, CH4, NH3, H2, and H2S gases present
- Suitable Environment
- As Earth Cooled, H2O vapor condensed into oceans
- As Earth Cooled, H2O vapor condensed into oceans
- Energy Sources
- Intense volcanic activity
- Atmospheric lightning
- UV solar radiation
- Intense volcanic activity
- Fossil evidence suggests early chronology
- Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago
- Stromatolite mats created by photosynthetic bacteria
- Stromatolite mats created by photosynthetic bacteria
- Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago
- Series of chance chemical reactions
- Stage One: Abiotic synthesis of monomers
- Stage Two: Formation of polymers
- Stage Three: Packing of polymers into protobionts
- Stage Four: Self- replication of RNA and DNA
- RNA possible first genetic material and enzyme
Annotations:
- Protobionts contain self-replicating RNA
- RNA possible first genetic material and enzyme
- Polymers can aggregate into organized, cell-like structures
- Protobiont
Annotations:
- Simple reproduction (budding) Simple metabolism Simple homeostasis
- Protobiont
- Stage Four: Self- replication of RNA and DNA
- Monomers begin to form organic polymers
- Same energy source as Stage One
- Uses clay as a substrate for polymerization
- Uses clay as a substrate for polymerization
- Same energy source as Stage One
- Stage Three: Packing of polymers into protobionts
- Oparin - Haldane Hypothesis
Annotations:
- Reducing atmosphere oxidized and disrupted chemical bonds
- Stanley Miller's Experiments
Annotations:
- Gases circulate past electrical discharges, control experiment without discharge, after one week witness an improvement of the formation of organic molecules, similar to atmosphere
- An alternative hypothesis: submerged volcanoes and underwater vents
- Stage Two: Formation of polymers
- Stage One: Abiotic synthesis of monomers
- Raw Materials
- Major Events in Biological History
- Major transitions on Earth define the geological record
- Prokaryotes live alone for 1 1/2 billion years
- Prokaryotic synthesis
Annotations:
- Extinction of many obligate anaerobes Adaptation of cellular respiration
- Eukaryotic cells likely to start as a community of prokaryotes
- Multicellular forms arise 1 1/2 billion years ago: their descendants include protists, plants, fungi, and animals
- Cambrian Explosion: A sudden rise in life various animal forms
Annotations:
- First evidence of predator - prey interactions
- Also marks the start of the Paleozoic Era
Annotations:
- Coincides with the formation of Pangea
- First appearance of terrestrial plants and fungi
- First appearance of four-legged animals
- Reptiles arise and diversify, culminating with the dinosaurs
- Mammals and eventually humans "take over the World"
Annotations:
- Human ancestors arise only 7 million years ago Homo sapiens arrive 200,000 years ago
- Mammals and eventually humans "take over the World"
- Reptiles arise and diversify, culminating with the dinosaurs
- First appearance of four-legged animals
- Cambrian Explosion: A sudden rise in life various animal forms
- Multicellular forms arise 1 1/2 billion years ago: their descendants include protists, plants, fungi, and animals
- Prokaryotic synthesis
- Prokaryotes live alone for 1 1/2 billion years
- Macroevolutionary Mechanisms
- Continental Drift
- Slow steady drift of crustal plates on a hot mantle
- Breakup of Pangea
- Altered habitats
- Led to the modern arrangement of the continents
- Isolation of Australia's marsupials
- Evolution of placental mammals (Eutherians)
- Formation of the Himalaya's
- Mass Extinction
- extinction is inevitable
- Permain Extinction lost 96% of marine species
Annotations:
- Especially shallow water Volcanic activity in Siberia, which released an excess of CO2
- 100 million years to recover marine families
- Cretaceous Extinction
- 50% marine species and most terrestrial species, including dinosaurs
- Adaptive Radiation
- always follows a mass extinction
- Survivors fill new roles in their environment
- May follow all new suite of adaptations
- radiation of land plants
- wavy coats
- vascular tissue
- seeds
- flowers
- flowers
- seeds
- vascular tissue
- wavy coats
- radiation of land plants
- May follow all new suite of adaptations
- Survivors fill new roles in their environment
- always follows a mass extinction
- Adaptive Radiation
- 50% marine species and most terrestrial species, including dinosaurs
- Cretaceous Extinction
- Permain Extinction lost 96% of marine species
- extinction is inevitable
- Mass Extinction
- Formation of the Himalaya's
- Evolution of placental mammals (Eutherians)
- Isolation of Australia's marsupials
- Led to the modern arrangement of the continents
- Altered habitats
- Breakup of Pangea
- Slow steady drift of crustal plates on a hot mantle
- Evolutionary Novelties
- culmination of incremental and adaptive changes
- Developmental programs
- heterochrony
- paedromorphosis
- paedromorphosis
- homeobox genes
- deceptive trends in ancestry
- heterochrony
- Developmental programs
- culmination of incremental and adaptive changes
- Continental Drift
- Major transitions on Earth define the geological record
- Marking Geological Time
- Radiometric Dating Techniques
- Measures decay of isotopes
- Measures decay of isotopes
- Radiometric Dating Techniques
Want to create your own Mind Maps for free with GoConqr? Learn more.