DISCUSS ISSUES SURROUNDING THE CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

Description

A2 psychology Psychology Mind Map on DISCUSS ISSUES SURROUNDING THE CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA, created by sjheelboy97 on 28/04/2015.
sjheelboy97
Mind Map by sjheelboy97, updated more than 1 year ago More Less
danielle_bui
Created by danielle_bui almost 9 years ago
sjheelboy97
Copied by sjheelboy97 almost 9 years ago
0
0

Resource summary

DISCUSS ISSUES SURROUNDING THE CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
  1. Subjectivity and unreliability
    1. No test to diagnose
      1. Therefore use of diagnostic tools/criteria
        1. DSM-V
          1. ICD-10
            1. The DSM-V is the US version and the ICD-10 is the European version
          2. Inter-rater reliability
            1. Carson (1991)
              1. Claimed that the DCM-3 provided a reliable system of classification for schizophrenia
                1. Whaley (2001)
                  1. However 30 years later Whaley found inter-rater reliability to be as low as 0.11
                    1. Subjective interpretation
              2. Studies that support
                1. Klosterkotter et al (1994)
                  1. Looked at 489 admissions to hospital in Aachen, found positive symptoms more useful for diagnosis than negative.
                  2. Cooper (1972)
                    1. 1930s 20% diagnosed, 1950s 80% diagnosed. This shows that diagnosis has no consistency.
                    2. Beck et al (1961)
                      1. looked at inter-rater reliability between 2 psychiatrists when considering the cases of 154 patents. Found reliability of 54%.
                  3. Validity
                    1. Predictive validity
                      1. Definition = if the diagnosis is correct then the treatment should work= valid
                        1. About 20% recovering to their previous level of functioning. About 10% achieving significant and lasting improvement. And 30% showing some improvement with intermittent relapses.
                          1. This shows that the diagnosis of schizophrenia has little predictive validity.
                        2. Comorbidity
                          1. Two or more disorders appearing together.
                            1. Schneider (1959)
                              1. Listed symptoms that distinguished schizophrenia from other mental illness (called first rank symptoms). Existence of these first rank symptoms would make diagnosis of schizophrenia more reliable. However many of these symptoms would make diagnosis of schizophrenia more reliable.
                              2. Ellason and Ross (1995)
                                1. Pointed out patients often have more schizophrenic symptoms than those diagnosed with schizophrenia.
                                2. Buckley (2009)
                                  1. looked at comorbid depressionand schizophrenia. It occurs 50% of the time. But it was also noted that in 47% of the cases they had a history of life time substance abuse - often alcohol and drugs
                              3. Rosenhan et al (1972)
                                1. tested the subjectivity, reliability, and validity of diagnostic tools.
                                  1. originally hoped that the use of diagnostic tools could provide a standardised method of recognising mental disorders.
                                    1. Found this to be subjective when he sent in 8 people who were sane who claimed to be hearing voices, 7 out of the 8 were diagnosed with schizophrenia and kept in hospital.,
                                  2. Gender
                                    1. Women are diagnosed more than men
                                      1. Bennett (1995) found the socialisation of men in industrial societies had created masculine stereotypes that alienate men from seeking help for psychological problems.
                                    2. Culture
                                      1. Difference between western cultures and other cultures
                                        1. Copeland et al (1971)
                                          1. found cultural difference in reliability. Gave description of 134 US and 194 UK psychiatrists. 69% of US diagnosed with schizophrenia, but only 2% of UK. Rest of UK believed he had major depressive episode, or personality disorder.
                                          2. Davison and Neale (1994)
                                            1. explained that in Asian cultures a person who is experiencing some emotional turmoil is praised and rewarded if they show no expression of emotion. Therefore different cultures have different criteria for schizophrenia.
                                            2. Language difficulties
                                              1. Lost in translation can lead to misdiagnosis
                                            3. Labelling theory
                                              1. Can lead to self-fulfilling prophecy
                                              2. NHS
                                                1. Strain on money
                                                  1. Only deal with serious cases
                                                    1. Do not have enough staff
                                                      1. Meehl (1977) suggests that the NHS can only make do with what they have at the time.
                                                      Show full summary Hide full summary

                                                      Similar

                                                      History of Psychology
                                                      mia.rigby
                                                      Biological Psychology - Stress
                                                      Gurdev Manchanda
                                                      Bowlby's Theory of Attachment
                                                      Jessica Phillips
                                                      Psychology subject map
                                                      Jake Pickup
                                                      Psychology A1
                                                      Ellie Hughes
                                                      Memory Key words
                                                      Sammy :P
                                                      Psychology | Unit 4 | Addiction - Explanations
                                                      showmestarlight
                                                      The Biological Approach to Psychology
                                                      Gabby Wood
                                                      Chapter 5: Short-term and Working Memory
                                                      krupa8711
                                                      Cognitive Psychology - Capacity and encoding
                                                      T W
                                                      Psychology and the MCAT
                                                      Sarah Egan