2686313
Description
Mind Map by cmharrisuk, updated more than 1 year ago
|
Created by cmharrisuk
almost 11 years ago
|
|
Unit 17: Organic chemistry and petrochemicals
- Describe the meaning
of homologous series
- a group of organic compounds having the same
general formula and similar chemical properties
- a group of organic compounds having the same
general formula and similar chemical properties
- Describe the general characterisations
of a homologous series
- each homologous series has its own general formula,
e.g. general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2
- each homologous series has its own general formula,
e.g. general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2
- Describe the
meaning of
functional group
- A group of atoms that is responsible for the characteristic reactions of a homologous
series. It is also an atom or group of atoms that gives an organic compound its
particular chemical properties, e.g. functional group of alcohols is -OH.
- A group of atoms that is responsible for the characteristic reactions of a homologous
series. It is also an atom or group of atoms that gives an organic compound its
particular chemical properties, e.g. functional group of alcohols is -OH.
- Name and draw
the structures of
the alkanes
- Name the type of compound
present from the endings -ane,
-ene, -ol and -oic acid
- -ane = alkane
- -ene = alkene
- -ol = alcohol
- -oic acid = carboxylic acid
- -ane = alkane
- Describe and draw
structural isomers
- Structural isomers are compounds with the same
molecular formula but different structural formulae.
- Structural isomers are compounds with the same
molecular formula but different structural formulae.
- Name the compounds
formed when fuels burn
- carbon dioxide and water
- carbon dioxide and water
- Name methane as the main
constituent of natural gas
- Methane is the main constituent of
natural gas. Natural gas is methane.
- Methane is the main constituent of
natural gas. Natural gas is methane.
- Describe
petroleum as a
mixture of
hydrocarbons
- The fossil fuels coal, petroleum (crude oil)
and natural gas all contain hydrocarbons.
- The fossil fuels coal, petroleum (crude oil)
and natural gas all contain hydrocarbons.
- Describe how petroleum is
separated into useful
fractions by fractional
distillation
- Fractional distillation is used to separate the hydrocarbon molecules in petroleum into
groups that have similar boiling points. These groups of molecules are called fractions.
Each contains hydrocarbons having a certain range of carbon atoms. Apart from the
refinery gases, all these fractions are liquids. Many of these fractions are used as fuels.
- Fractional distillation is used to separate the hydrocarbon molecules in petroleum into
groups that have similar boiling points. These groups of molecules are called fractions.
Each contains hydrocarbons having a certain range of carbon atoms. Apart from the
refinery gases, all these fractions are liquids. Many of these fractions are used as fuels.
- Name the fractions:
refinery gas, gasoline,
naphtha, kerosene,
diesel, fuel oil
- Name the residues:
lubricating oils and bitumen
- lubricating oils -
used for
lubricants, waxes
and polishes
- bitumen - used
for making road
surfaces and
sealing roofs
- lubricating oils -
used for
lubricants, waxes
and polishes
- Name the uses of the fractions
from petroleum fractionation
- fuel oil - fuel for power stations
, ships and home heating
- diesel - fuel for lorries and tractors
- kerosene - fuel for jet aircraft and heating
- naphtha - making chemicals, especially plastics
- gasoline - fuel for cars
- refinery gas - methane, propane,
butane for gas cylinders
- fuel oil - fuel for power stations
, ships and home heating
Media attachments
Want to create your own Mind Maps for free with GoConqr? Learn more.