Active sites

Active sites

1. determine how the substrate will bind to an enzyme

2. R groups of amino acids stick out and create binding specificity for substrates

3. non-protein helpers

   • cofactors
     • inorganic
   • coemzymes
     • organic

4. inhibitors

   • inhibit an enzyme's activity
   • competitive
     • bind active site of enzyme blocking substrate from entering
     • affects km and maybe vmax
   • noncompetitive
     • binds to another part of the enzyme changing its conformation and the substrate can still fit in active site
     • effects vmax and maybe km
   • uncompetitive
     • bind enzyme once substrate is bound inhibiting product production
     • no change to vmax of km
   • allosteric regulation
     • changes the shape and therefore the function