Structure of DNA and RNA

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Topic 2.6 Structure of DNA and RNA of IB Biology Chapter 2 Molecular Biology
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Structure of DNA and RNA
  1. Nucleic acids and nucleotides
    1. nucleic acids DNA and RNA polymers of nucleotides
      1. first discovered in materials extracted for cell nuclei
        1. Nucleic acids = large molecules made by linking nucleotides to form polymer
          1. parts of a nucleotide
            1. pentose sugar; 5 C atoms
              1. phosphate group; negatively charged; acidic
                1. base; contains N; 1 or 2 rings of atoms
                2. base and phosphate group linked to sugar by covalent bonds
                  1. strong backbone; sugar phosphate structure
                    1. 4 diff bases = 4 diff nucleotides
                      1. any base sequence possible; stores genetic info
                      2. Differences between DNA and RNA
                        1. number of strands present
                          1. DNA = 2
                            1. RNA = 1
                            2. base composition
                              1. DNA = adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine
                                1. RNA = uracil instead of thymine
                                2. type of pentose
                                  1. DNA = deoxyribose
                                    1. RNA = ribose
                                  2. Structure of DNA
                                    1. strands wound; double helix
                                      1. antiparallel (opposite) strands of nucleotides
                                        1. linked by hydrogen bond b/ween complementary pars
                                          1. each strand, chain of nucleotides; covalent bond
                                            1. complementary base pairing
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