Carbohydrates and Lipids

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Topic 2.3 Carbohydrates and Lipids of IB Biology Chapter 2 Molecular Biology
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Carbohydrates and Lipids
  1. Carbohydrates
    1. Monosaccharide monomers linked by condensation
      1. Types
        1. Glucose
          1. Fructose
            1. Ribose
            2. single sugar sub-units
              1. condensation = combination of sub units and yields water
                1. Anabolic process; ATP required
                2. form disaccharide and polysaccharide monomers
                  1. di = 2 mono
                    1. poly = many mono
                      1. cellulose
                        1. starch
                          1. glycogen
                      2. Lipids
                        1. Triglycerides formed by condensation
                          1. fat in human adipose tissue
                            1. sunflower oil
                              1. 3 water molecules
                                1. energy stores
                                2. from 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
                                  1. insoluble in water
                                    1. fats = liquid at body temp solid at room temp
                                      1. oils = liquid at room and body temp
                                        1. ester bond formed when acid reacts with -OH group in alcohol
                                          1. released by aerobic cell respiration
                                            1. heat insulation for animals
                                            2. Fatty acids
                                              1. Saturated
                                                1. single bond between C bonds
                                                  1. maximum H
                                                  2. Monounsaturated
                                                    1. one double bond
                                                    2. Polyunsaturated
                                                      1. more than one double bond
                                                    3. Unsaturated fatty acids
                                                      1. one or more double bond
                                                        1. cis isomers
                                                          1. hydrogen on same side as double bonded carbon
                                                            1. bend in hydrocarbon chain at double bond
                                                              1. oils
                                                              2. trans isomers
                                                                1. H on opp side as double bonded C
                                                                  1. straight
                                                                    1. artificially produced to form solid fats
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