Verbs

Verbs

1. Semantical Classification of Verbs

   • Activity Verbs
     • they are far from consistent because is simplistic (e.g., nouns derive from verbs through zero derivation).
       • He types his homework. He is growing old. The cake tastes delicious
   • Stative Verbs
     • Irregularities activity verbs have a semantic meaning. You have some activity verbs that have some state meaning or vice versa, and some mistaken verbs they have an activity meaning.
       • he's acting weird, he's acting strange. the dog is smelling
   • Telic verb
     • is a verb that has a natural end point (comes to an end) telic verbs in the progressive represent processes before their completion.
       • fall, kick, and make
   • Atelic verb
     • is a verb that doesn’t have a natural end point.
       • Knock, Walk, Activity
   • Durative verb
     • is a verb that takes places in a period of time you see the progress
       • read, talk, learn
   • Punctual verb
     • is a verb that takes place in a point of time
       • tap, clap, wink

2. Functional Classification of verbs

   • Intransitive verb
     • Does Not need an object and complement can be modify by adverbials
       • I woke up early. I woke up on my bed. I woke up because somebody was knocking on my door
       • vp[Vi (AdvP, PP, SAC, NP)]
   • Mono – transitive verb
     • vp[Vt NP] vp[Vt {NP, Ger, Inf. NClause}]
       • I kicked the ball. I hate smoking. I hate to smoke I told him that he was in trouble
   • Di-transitive verb
     • You have a di-transitive verb that is followed by a noun phrase then you have to choose between a noun phrase or a prepositional phrase with to and for and finally a noun phrase.
       • vp[Vdt NP{NP, pp[{to/for}NP]}]
         • I gave Mary a rose. I gave a rose to Mary.
   • Copulative verbs
     • vp[Vcp {NP, AP, PP, Ger, Inf, NC}]
       • John is a doctor He is ill. She is in the room. My favorite hobby is collecting rare coins. My favorite pastime is to read in a rainy day. My most important memory is when my dad bought me puppy.
   • Complex-transitive verb
     • mixture between a copulative verb and a transitive verb because it have a direct object but has something that compliments the direct object.
       • vp[Vct NP {NP, AP, PP, Ger, Inf, B. Inf, NC}]
         • We elected Mary president. She made Jake sad. I put the book on the table. She calls my moves dancing. He wants Jake to go away. She made Jake cry. She painted her room whatever color came to her mind
   • Prepositional verb
     • can be locative and non locative the verb and the preposition seem to form a close syntactic and semantic unit non locative can replace the prepositional verb for a simple verb locative cases express a copulative relationship
       • vp[Vp PP]
         • The bird landed on my head She insisted on the plan.
   • Diprepositional verbs
     • vp[Vdp PP PP]
       • I talked with my parents about my future.