Cohesion

Cohesion

1. Cohesion is a textual property by which the sentences of a text are correctly related from the lexical and grammatical point of view. Therefore, we will say that there is cohesion in a text when the successive sentences appear duly interlocked by morphosyntactic and lexical-semantic connectors, and even phonics.

2. referential cohesion

   • Avoid unnecessary repetition of words, previously written in the text. This is achieved by replacing the terms with personal pronouns, relative pronouns, demonstrative and possessive adjectives, adverbs of place, and ultimately, by the inflections of the verbs to be and to do.

3. Cohesion by Lexical Substitution

   • It consists of changing a word for its synonym or its hyperonym. Thus a more elaborate text is achieved.

4. Cohesion by ellipsis

   • It consists of replacing an express element in the text with an unspoken element. This refers to an object or event that is not written, but is understood.

5. Example

   • Conifers are evolutionarily very ancient trees or shrubs that appeared hundreds of millions of years before broadleaf trees. The word conifer derives from the Greek: “conus” and “ferre”, which translates into “carry cones”, alluding to the main characteristic of the Coniferópsidas; possess reproductive structures called cones or more commonly pinecones. The plants that make up this collection are the dominant forest species in cold and high mountain climates.
     • In the example we see words from the same referential field such as trees, shrubs, plants, forest. That is, lexical cohesion occurs when an entire text talks about the same topic or derived topics.

6. Features

   • Cohesion is expressed in the external structure of a text. It is the result of the relationships between the elements that compose it, namely: words, phrases, and sentences. It manifests itself in the external form of the message: in its encoding. In this structuring the relationships of the how are present. Coherence and cohesion cannot be separated.

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