Geography

Geography

1. TOURISM

   • What is it?
     • The involvement in leisure activities that require travel from home and staying away from home for at least one night.
     • Different types include:
       • Domestic- Staying within the country
       • International- going abroad
   • What happened to tourism?
     • Social
       • Expansion of holiday choice
       • People have more leisure time as life expectancy has risen.
       • Advertisement
     • Economic
       • People have become wealthier- incomes are larger and so is disposable income.
       • Many have good pensions and can afford several trips a year.( Cheap package holidays)
     • Transport
       • Car ownership has rapidly grown
       • Travel is quick and easy with motorways, airport expansion and faster jet aircraft.
   • Different types of attractions
     • Cities
       • Shop, explore, sightsee, different experiences
     • Coasts
       • Sunbathe, swim, explore
     • Mountains
       • Ski, walk, mountain bike
   • In Poorer countries
     • The extra money helps pay to buy from abroad
     • Income/ Jobs
       • People are employed to serve tourists e.g. waiters/ shop keepers.
       • Small businesses set up for tourists e.g. taxi companies, hotels.
     • THE MULTIPLIER EFFECT
       • Tourism encourages and allows the growth of business
   • Factors affecting UK Tourism
     • Exchange rate
       • If people get more pounds for their money, they will be encouraged to come however not if they get less.
     • Terrorism
       • If there is no terrorism people will come for safety, recent terrorism may bring curiosity and people paying respects, risk of terrorism could force people away.
     • Weather
       • Bad weather= people stay away
     • Big events
       • Olympics or festivals will attract tourists
     • British identity
       • History, post boxes, old houses.
   • The Butler Model
     • A model displaying how tourism in a location develops over time and will either eventually decline or be forced to change in some way.
       • 1. Exploration
         • Small number of tourist attracted to the natural beauty- beaches, attractive landscapes, historical or cultral features, but locals have not developed tourist facilities.
         • 2. Involvement
           • 3. Development
             • 4. Consolidation
               • 5. Stagnation
                 • EITHER
                   • 6. Rejuvenation
                     • Attempts are made to modernise the resort and attract different people
                   • 6. Decline
                     • Visitors begin to prefer other resorts. Day trippers and weekenders become the main source of income.
                 • Destinations become unfashionable- visitors decline, businesses change hands
               • Tourism is a major part of the economy, at the expense of other developments in the area. Steady numbers- employment secure. Hotels and other facilities are degraded- type of customer down marketed. Rowdiness issue.
             • Large companies build hotels and leisure complexes and advertise holiday packages. Tourist numbers rise dramatically, job opportunities arise.
           • Local people start to see oppertunities for business and provide accomodation, food, transport, guides and other useful survices.