CCEA Chemistry Core

CCEA Chemistry Core

1. Atoms

   • Nucleus
     • Protons and Neutrons
   • Arrangement in electrons in energy levels.
     • Chemical properties
       • Chemical equation
       • Shown in periodic table
   • Bonding
     • Ionic
       • Metals and non metals
         • Metlas lose electons
           • Positive ions
         • Non metals gain electons
           • Negative ions
     • Covalent
       • Two non metals
         • Share electons

2. Rocks

   • Limestone
     • Calcium carbonate
     • Thermal decomposition
       • Calcium oxide
         • + water
           • Calcium hydroxide
       • Carbon dioxide

3. Metals

   • Extraction
     • Electrolysis
       • More energy needed
         • Expensive
       • Aluminium and titanium
         • Low density - do not corrode
       • Copper purified
     • Reduction with carbon
       • Less reactive than carbon
     • Unreactive metals
       • Found in earth's crust
     • Bioleaching
       • Microorganisms
     • Phytomining
       • Plants

4. Fuels

   • reaction with oxygen
   • Combustion products
     • Environmental impact
       • Carbon dioxide
         • Global warming
       • Sulphur dioxide
         • Acid rain
       • Nitrogen oxide
       • Reduced using biofuels
         • Renewable
         • Ethanol
   • Crude oil
     • Mixture of different compounds
       • Hydrocarbons
         • Alkanes
           • Saturated
           • More hydrogen atoms
         • Cracking
           • Heating with steam
           • Alkanes
           • Alkenes
             • Unsaturated
               • Turn bromine water to colourless
     • Fractional distillation
       • Evaportating
         • Condense at different temperatures
           • Their boiling points
             • Low boiling points
               • less viscous
               • burn more

5. Reaction of metals with water.

   • Calcium
     • The metal sank to the bottom.
     • They rose to the top and fizzed
     • Bubbles of a gas
     • Indicator turned purple
   • sodium
     • Forms a ball
     • Floats on surface
     • Indicator turns purple
     • Moves rapidly
     • Fully doissoles
   • Potassium
     • Burns with a lilac flame
     • Floats on surface
     • Indicator turns purple
     • Bubbles
     • Colourless solution.

6. Collision theory

   • Activation energy
     • is when you break down the bonds at the start of the reaction to start the reaction.
     • The activation energy is required to break down the bonds so the atoms can move freely.
       • Once this happens the reaction should begin.
         • the reaction will then require less energy through out the rest of the reaction.
   • Catalysts.
     • Catalysts increase the rate of reaction by providing an alternative route.
       • Better catalysts can result in finding lower energy roots and increased yeuild