Mind map
Challenges to the Rural World
Mind map: Challenges to the rural world
Map content
Challenges to the Rural World
lake district
- Challenges
- farming
- Lots of land is too steep
- to be ploughed
- so soil is infertile and rocky
- to be ploughed
- though climate
- temperature falls by 1 degree every 150m in height
- more days of frost higher up
- Lots of snow in mountains
- From October to May
- less sun on the mountains
- compared to the coast
- lots more rain
- temperature falls by 1 degree every 150m in height
- hard so not many young people want to stay
- Lots of land is too steep
- Tourism
- Cause congestion on roads
- Positves
- Lots of money
- Lots of work
- without it there would probably be few services
- like buses
- brings investment
- seasonal employment
- low paid
- part time
- Rural isolation
- Far from cities
- like Manchester
- flood and cold cut people off
- long journey to school
- most local roads and windy
- cause congestion due to more cars from tourists
- hard to survive without a car
- Far from cities
- Counter urbanisation
- Ageing population
- young people moving away
- increasing population
- older people moving from cities to retire
- causing problems with housing
- Ageing population
- Housing
- Lots of second homes
- and holiday lets
- lead to increasing prices
- unaffordable for locals
- lead to increasing prices
- an lead to businesses being closed
- because people are not there to spend money most of the time
- 40% in Ambleside
- and holiday lets
- Lots of second homes
- Changing services
- financial cuts causing bus services to reduce
- in villages shops face competition
- causing pubs to close down etc...
- hospitals are only in large towns
- can be gard to get to in summer traffic
- farming
- Cumbria
- Popular National Park
- Work
- Tourism
- hotels
- Restaurants
- provides 33% of jobs
- Farming
- Only 2%
- few job oppurtunities
- because it's cheaper to higher contractors to do the work
- landscape would look very different with out it
- Tertiary
- little in quarternary industries
- few high paying
- Tourism
- attractive landscape for activities and sightseeing
- Challenges
Diversification
- Low Sizergh Barn
- dairy farm
- educates people about countryside
- & where food comes from
- educates people about countryside
- gift shop and cafe
- sells own produce
- farm based
- Lake distrcit
- dairy farm
- Holmescales
- hold corprete events for companies
- to develop team skills
- e.g paintballing
- & adventure challenges
- family events too!
- Non farm based
- hold corprete events for companies
- because...
- business is threatened
- because of sudden events
- whole income can be risked by one event
- tripled hay prices in snowy winters of 09 and 10
- Chernobyl explosion brought contaminated rain
- have to expand business for a second income
- EU encourages it and gives grants for it
- business is threatened
- widen range of goods and services
- farmbased
- or not
- e.g. campsites
- activites use farmland for different purposes
- include other tourist facilites
- drawing people to the lake district
- day activities
- or specialist holidays
- day activities
- drawing people to the lake district
- include other tourist facilites
- e.g. organic farming or farm shops
- or not
- farmbased
- Low Sizergh Barn
Malawi
- Middle Shire
- Southern Malawi
- Soil ersoion
- pressure to create more farmland
- due to rising demand for food
- due to rising popuation
- increasing price of tobacoo
- people have to grow more to make the same amount of money
- due to rising demand for food
- deforestation
- Malawi has lost 13% of forests
- impacts
- heavy rain on clear slopes lead to surface run off
- causing soil erosion
- rivers and lakes have silted up with eroded soil
- silting behind HEP dams reduces water flow
- and reducing production of HEP
- silting behind HEP dams reduces water flow
- threatened eco-tourism
- varying wildlife at risk
- destruction of habitat
- varying wildlife at risk
- heavy rain on clear slopes lead to surface run off
- saving the soil
- intergovernmental organisation
- Japanese and Malawi government
- project: COVAMS
- community vitalization and afforesttion in Middle Shire
- involves locals conserving soil and re-planting trees
- tackling causes of problem
- building rock barriers across streams
- to reduce soil loss in rainy seasons
- training villagers in conserving soil and tree planting
- steep hillsides are 'stepped' to reduce surface run-off
- growing fast growing trees to restore forests
- building rock barriers across streams
- intermediate technology
- local materials
- low-tech solutions
- has improved crop yields & production of HEP due to a reduction in silt
- intergovernmental organisation
- pressure to create more farmland
- Challenges
- problems for farmers
- increasing fertiliser costs
- unaffordable
- without fertilisers
- farmers produce less
- farmers earn less
- due to rising oil costs
- Falling tobacco prices
- lots of farmers rely on tobbacco and lost all their money
- climate change
- will affect Africa more than any other continent
- causing
- water shortages
- as temperature rises
- decreasing rainfall
- drought more often
- steams and rivers dry up
- Food shortages
- caused by water shortages
- Increased desertifcation
- water shortages
- Lives are limited to low crop yields
- don't have enough money for medical care or school fees
- increasing fertiliser costs
- rural isolation
- Isolated with poor infrastructure
- when roads flood
- rural areas can be cut off
- can take several hours to travel just 20km to market towns
- rural telecommunications vary
- services are slow and congested
- government is encouraging mobile phone usage
- as it is easier than developing landlines
- government is encouraging mobile phone usage
- services are slow and congested
- when roads flood
- Isolated with poor infrastructure
- Rural-Urban Migration
- lots of families in the Northare trapped in poverty
- lives are limited by
- low crop yields
- small plots
- low wages on plantations
- paying for school and health care
- limited health care facilities
- rural families have poorer health
- primary school is free
- secondary school can cost a family a years income
- limited health care facilities
- lives are limited by
- solution
- lots of young men go to cities in search for work
- then send money home to increase family income
- this means that lots of women and young children are left behind
- lots of young men go to cities in search for work
- lots of families in the Northare trapped in poverty
- problems for farmers
- Varying rural economy
- 80% of population works in farming
- country depends on cash crops for exports
- Cash crop plantations
- plantations were set up by British
- produce most of countries exports
- e.g. tea
- produce most of countries exports
- some still owned by British TNCs
- employ lots of locals
- exploit those who pick the leaves
- only get about 0.5% of selling price
- plantations were set up by British
- Tobacco tenants
- Tobacco earns 10% of Malawi's GDP
- almost all tobacco growers are tobacco tenants
- lots are children
- Malawi has highest child labour rate in southern Africa
- about 78000 work
- Malawi has highest child labour rate in southern Africa
- Tbacco owners allocate farmers a plot to produce a specific amout
- owners lend them fertilisers etc
- take out costs from future profits
- supposed to supply food
- but often runs out
- many workers
- lack medication
- lack proper housing
- lack clean water
- cannot aford to live without children working
- owners lend them fertilisers etc
- Small holders
- majority of farmers
- 1.8 family farmers
- average of 1 hectare of land per family
- most just farm half a hectare
- provide 80% of Malawi's food
- average of 1 hectare of land per family
- subsitance farming
- growing maize etc...
- little income
- can'r invest in fertiliser
- become expensive due to collapse of economy
- can'r invest in fertiliser
- people with bigger plots
- produce small quantities of cash crops
- though money is usually used for school and health care
- produce small quantities of cash crops
- 80% of population works in farming
- Improvements
- development organisations
- Governments
- national
- reigonal
- International governmental organisations
- Non-governmental organisations
- Oxfam
- Governments
- Mushrooms
- Malawi's government set up
- Sustainable livelihoods programme
- promoting growing mushrooms
- new source of income
- promoting growing mushrooms
- funded by UN
- Sustainable livelihoods programme
- helping people grow mushrooms by
- providing training
- offering micro loans
- to buy first mushroom compost
- paying for advertising programme
- promoting mushrooms as high protein and medicinal properties
- advantages
- cheap
- sustainable
- can use their own waste
- to make compost
- can use their own waste
- Success!
- extra income is being used for further developments
- first 2 storey home in village bulit
- bakeries started
- extra income is being used for further developments
- Malawi's government set up
- Fish Farming
- NGO project
- helping
- Familes affected by HIV/AIDS
- often fall into poverty
- less able to work
- often fall into poverty
- Familes affected by HIV/AIDS
- helping
- 15 locations
- in Malawi
- help by
- digging small rein-fed pond
- designed for special species
- tilapia
- feed on aquatic plants and kitchen waste
- tilapia
- designed for special species
- digging small rein-fed pond
- children and elderly can help out
- benefits
- cheap
- fish are fed on waste
- regular incoem
- provides nutrients
- Calcium
- vitamin A
- protein
- led to fall in child malnutrition
- provides water for crops in droughts
- sediment at bottom makes good fertiliser
- cheap
- success
- doubled income of 1200 households
- increased fish and veg consumption
- quadrupled fiah farmers
- benefit women
- 30 % of those taking part
- NGO project
- development organisations
- Middle Shire
India
- Biogas
- benefits
- cooking with produces less smoke
- = less lung conditions
- women and girls don't spend as long collecting firewood
- have time to go to school
- cows are kept in the family compund
- making dung collection easier
- after digestion sludge makes good fertiliser
- methane produced can power electricity generators
- cooking with produces less smoke
- benefits
- Biogas
Bangladesh
- Grameen Bank
- micro-fiance
- began 1974
- helping a few families to help them create bussiness items to sell
- the scheme grew
- by lending small, short term loans
- helping a few families to help them create bussiness items to sell
- concentrates on ending to:
- women
- it's harder for them to get money from other banks
- communities for wells etc...
- women
- Grameen Bank
Farm Systems
- simple structure
- what goes in determines what goes out
- Inputs
- what a farmer invests in a farm
- physical
- relief (height and slope of land)
- climate (amount of rain and sun)
- soil quality
- Human
- rent or bank loan
- labour required
- cost of fertilisers and machinery etc...
- energy costs
- Custom
- land ownership rights
- Processes
- jobs done to turn inputs to outputs
- and the challenges that encourage or prevent this
- ploughing
- sowing
- harvesting
- shearing wool
- challenges
- Physical
- flooding or drought
- winter whether
- Human
- Changes to family
- changes in prices
- Physical
- jobs done to turn inputs to outputs
- Outputs
- any products and what happens to them
- products for sale
- cash crops
- animal produce
- products to be consumed
- by owner
- subsistence crops
- animal prodce
- for use on farm
- manure
- seed for the following year
- young animal stock
- by owner
- simple structure
South Africa
- John Taolo Gaetsewe
- district in Northern Cape provience
- faces major health chllenges
- access to health care is limited
- a medical team from a TNC working near desicided to help
- set up mobile health clinics
- bring health care to remote locations
- offering check-ups and treatment
- bring health care to remote locations
- will pay for 2 years
- will then hand responsibility to government
- set up mobile health clinics
- John Taolo Gaetsewe
Information
- Description
- A-Level Geography (GCSE) Mind Map on Challenges to the Rural World, created by juliasutton on 07/12/2013.
- Created by
- juliasutton
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