Cells (1)

Cells (1)

1. Description & functions of organelles

   • Mitochondria
     • Produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
     • Double membrane
       • Inner membrane folded (cristae), increased surface area for enzyme attachment
     • "power house" of cells
     • Site of aerobic respiration
       • O2 + C6H12 + O6 = CO2 + H2O + ATP
         • Oxygen + glucose = Carbon dioxide + water + ATP
     • Own DNA & RNA, can reproduce themselves
   • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
     • Smooth
       • produce phospholipids, fats & steroids
         • Used for new plasma membrane & some hormones, eg. oestrogen & testosterone
     • Rough
       • Covered in ribosomes - protein producers
         • Used for new plasma membranes when joined w/ phospholipids, export from cell, remain w/in cell as lysosomes
         • Ribosomes - non-membrane bound organelle
     • Liver: ER detoxification site & glycogen breakdown
     • Muscles: ER stores calcium (contraction), known as sarcoplasmic reticulum
   • Golgi
     • Concentrates & packages products of ER into vesicles
     • Adds carbs or fats to modify ER product
     • "finishes off" production from ER
   • Lysosomes
     • Breakdown results in autolysis - "suicide sacs"
     • Recycles old organelles
     • Breakdown factor in phagocytosis
   • Centrosomes
     • 2 centrioles @ right angle, 9x3 microtubules
       • Organise forming of new cilia & flagella
     • Organise spindle in cell division

2. Describe cells & their organelles

3. Describe cell membrane & function

4. Explain function of protein, lipid, & carb components of cell surface

5. Describe function of microvilli, cilia & flagella

   • Microvilli
     • Hair-like protrusions from cell surface, increase surface area (absorption)
   • Cilia
     • Hair-like protrusions on cell surface (similar to microvilli) but motorised, beat in wave motion to move things across cell surface
   • Flagella
     • Tail of sperm cell, motorised like cilia, formed the same (from centrioles)

6. Explain how cell inclusions differ from organelles