1_CALLA INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES

1_CALLA INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES

1. PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE

   • LITERACY ACROSS THE CURRICULUM
     • Reading and writing in content areas/ curriculum
   • BALANCED READING APPROACH
   • PROCESS WRITING
     • Writing involves thinking, reflection, and multiple revision
   • LANGUAGE EXPERIENCE APPROACH
     • What can be said can be written down, what is written can be written down can be written
       • Prior knowledge is a bridge to new ideas & concepts
   • Physical & Mental Procedures/ Reading & Writing
     • The mind's storage system for how things are physical & mental
       • ELLs need to learn procedures in content areas
         • Teacher can provide extensive hands on & interactive experiences for ELLs

2. DECLARATIVE KNOWLEDGE

   • COOPERATIVE LEARNING
     • Work in organized groups on learning tasks that are structured, all students share responsibility for completion.
   • INQUIRY APPROACH
     • Extracting meaning from experience.
   • STANDARD-BASED INSTRUCTION
   • Things we can declare
     • The mind's storage system for facts and information
       • ELLs need content based curriculum that builds on prior knowledge & skills.
         • ELLs need a curriculum that assist them developing abilities to use English to solve problems
           • and develop higher-order concepts at appropriate grade & achievement level

3. Approaches and Methodologies

   • Dominant Approaches to L2 Instruction
     • Grammatical Approach
       • Teacher-centered in providing L2 instruction
         • Drill & practice
         • Rote memorization
         • Dialogue memorization
         • Repetition
           • Mnemonics
             • Kinetics
       • Memorizing language rules & sentence patterns
       • More emphasis on reading, writing, & grammar development
         • Minimal use of L1
       • Behaviorism
       • Direct method
     • Cognitive Approach
       • L2 instruction that is the product of efforts to examine and analyze the cognitive psychological side of learning,, language, instruction
         • KWL chart
         • Word Wall
         • Outlines/ Graphic Organizers
         • Questioning
       • Language learners use language to communicate for a purpose
         • Student/ child centered
       • CALLA method
         • Cooperative learning
         • Explicit LS instruction
         • MaximizingContent & language objectives
       • Cognitive - Psychological
     • Constructivism Approach

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