fertility and population growth

fertility and population growth

1. reasons for falling fertility in HIC's Case study UK

   • divorce rates at 40%
   • mean age of women who have their 1st child was 24.6 (1976), it is now 30
   • in 1960, 90% of the population for over 60 were married or had been married. this figure may fall to 65%
   • childlessness was unusual in women born between 1945-85 and 1955. only 1 in 10 women had no children. between 1975-85, 1 in 5 women were childlessness

2. Kerala case study (higher development than the rest of india

   • adult literacy is 91 rather than national average 58
   • life expectancy is 71 years rather than the national average at 64
   • infant mortality is lower at 12/1000 compared to 65
   • fertility rate is lower at 1.8 compared to 3.1
   • GDP is much higher at $2950 compared to $960

3. high fertility in Pakistan (growth in population

   • Pakistan has one of the highest growing populations in 2050, It will go from the 7th to the 9th largest in population
   • one reason if due to huge migration of refuges from neighboring Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iran and Iraq
   • in 1998, Pakistan had its 1st census in 17 years,
   • low status of women, less education, health, only 20% of women there can read compared to to 40% of men

4. Effects of high fertility rates

5. incentives to increase fertility

   • Germany
     • child benefit for mother with 3 children per month £290:
     • maternity leave weeks:170
     • 56% of working women aged 25-54 with 2 children
     • 7.7% of working women aged 25-54 with no children
     • fertility rate 1.3
   • France
     • child benefit for mother with 3 children per month: £263
     • maternity leave weeks: 170
     • 59% of working women aged 25-54 with 2 children
     • 7.3 % of working women aged 25-54 with no children
     • fertility rate 1.9
   • sweeden
     • child benefit for mother with 3 children per month £226
     • maternity leave weeks:71
     • 82% of working women aged 25-54 with 2 children
     • 8.2% of working women aged 25-54 with no children
     • fertility rate 1.8
   • Ireland
     • child benefit for mother with 3 children per month: £289
     • maternity leave weeks: 40
     • 41% of working women aged 25-54 with 2 children
     • 6.6% of working women aged 25-54 with no children
     • fertility rate 1.9
   • UK
     • child benefit for mother with 3 children per month: £170
     • maternity leave weeks: 52
     • 62% of working women aged 25-54 with 2 children
     • 8.0% of working women aged 25-54 with no children
     • fertility rate 1.8