~ Renaissance ~

Annotations:

• The Renaissance began in Italy in the 1300s and spread to other part of Europe in the 1400s and 1500s.

1. Florence, Italy

   Annotations:

   • The main center during Renaissance.
   1. Medici family

      Annotations:

      • They were the most powerful family which controlled Florence for three centuries. They also controlled the politics during the Renaissance.
      1. Patrons

         Annotations:

         • Medici family donated the money so the artist could make more art works.
2. Petrarch

   Annotations:

   • The father of Renaissance.
3. Rebirth of classical ideas.

   Annotations:

   • It was the meaning of Renaissance.
   1. Ancient Greece and Rome

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      • Greek and Roman examples inspired new style of architecture, approaches to the arts, and ways of thinking.
4. Change

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   • The Renaissance was a period where changes were happening all around Europe. There was changes in medicine, arts, architecture, and philosophy. 
   1. Medicine

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      • Scientists created and invented new medicine.
   2. Politics

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      • The local government of Florence was housed in the Palazzo Vecchio, or old palace. Florence was ruled under a series of government boards. These boards were often controlled by the rich family.
      1. Machiavelli

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         • He was an Italian Renaissance historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist, and writer. He has often been called the founder of modern political science.
   3. Architecture

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      • Engineers built new buildings during the Renaissance.
      1. Brunelleschi

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         • He was an Italian designer and a key figure in architecture, recognised to be the first modern engineer, planner and sole construction supervisor. He was the oldest amongst the founding fathers of the Renaissance.
   4. Science

      Annotations:

      • Lots of scientists invented and observed new theories during the Renaissance. 
      1. Vesalius

         Annotations:

         • He was a outstanding scientist during the Renaissance, his work changed medicine and the study of anatomy.
      2. Galileo

         Annotations:

         • He was an Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician who played a major role in the scientific revolution during the Renaissance.
      3. Printing

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         • Renaissance painters were influenced by the renewed interest in classical culture and the spread of humanism. They want to depict real people who were posed in lifelike ways and whose faces expressed emotions. They also wanted to include realistic setting. The result was a new style of painting.
         1. Gutenberg

            Annotations:

            • He was a German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who introduced printing to Europe.
         2. Famous Printed Bible

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            • The first printed bible was created by Renaissance.
      4. Copernicus

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         • He was a Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the centre of the universe.
      5. Non Religious Themes

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         • Renaissance science was not related to religion. The church died.
   5. Arts

      Annotations:

      • The Renaissance was a period where artists tested out new styles and methods of creating sculptures, paintings, and other art elements. 
      1. Raphael

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         • He was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.
      2. Shakespeare

         Annotations:

         • He was a famous playwright and he was also a major figure of the English Renaissance.
      3. Donatello

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         • He was a Florence sculptor who was one of the first to use the realistic, lifelike style. His work expressed personality and mood.
      4. Leonardo da Vinci

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         • He was a famous Renaissance artist, scientist, and inventor. 
      5. Michelangelo

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         • He was a Renaissance artist, renowned for his sculpture and painting. He preferred sculpture because it seemed to bring his subjects to life.
      6. Perspective

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         • The perspective skill was used to creating the appearance of depth on the flat surface. The artist also used the line to show up the distance of the objects.
   6. Humanism

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      • It was a philosophy that tries to balance religious faith with an emphasis on individual dignity and an interest in nature and human society.
      1. Independent thinking

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         • The Renaissance encouraged people to have their own thoughts and ideas.
         1. Power of the Church and Kings Challenged

            Annotations:

            • The power and church and kings were challenged because people stopped believing in god and the teachings of the priest and christianity in conclusion.