Renaissance

Annotations:

• Renaissance is the revival of European art and literature under the influence of classical models in the 14th–16th centuries. 

1. Change

   Annotations:

   • The renaissance change the thinking of independent, classical ideas and humanism. 
   1. Rebirth of Classical Ideas

      Annotations:

      • Rebirth of classical idea very important. People wanted to learn new things and ideas. And learned from the past mistakes.
      1. Ancient Greece and Rome

         Annotations:

         • People wanted to understand why the Greeks and Romans were so successful.
         1. Humanism

            Annotations:

            • Humanists were interested by the ideals of Ancient Greece. People want to learn more about the cultural ideas. I put Humanism under Ancient Greece and Rome because a Renaissance cultural movement which turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought.
   2. Independent thinking

      Annotations:

      • Independent thinking is the desire of a person to convince oneself that the information being presented is true or reasonable.  I put many categories under independent thinking because those categories and people created many works and influenced many people.
      1. Architecture

         Annotations:

         • Architecture is vital subject at the Renaissance period. Architect build and design creative buildings to people to visit and live. I placed it under independent thinking because they use their creative and critical thinking on the building. And they also have their own idea and believes.
         1. Brunelleschi

            Annotations:

            • I put him in the architecture category because Filippo Brunelleschi was an Italian designer. He recognised to be the first modern engineer, planner and sole construction supervisor. He was the oldest amongst the founding fathers of the Renaissance.
      2. Arts

         Annotations:

         • Arts were pretty important is the Renaissance period and also influenced many people. Arts created the language between people. You can understand the meanings between the artworks.
         1. Printing

            Annotations:

            • Printing was very important because if the artists or writer has a lots of works, printing is more faster and good way to use.
            1. Gutenberg

               Annotations:

               • Gutenberg's invention was important because it launched a revolution in printing. His famous work is the printed bible.
               1. Famous Printed Bible

                  Annotations:

                  • The Bible was written in Latin, the Catholic Gutenberg Bible is an edition of the Vulgate, printed by Johannes Gutenberg, in Mainz, in present-day Germany, in the 1450s.
         2. Artists-sculptors/painters
            1. Donatello

               Annotations:

               • He is an Italian sculptor and was the greatest Florentine sculptor before Michelangelo and was the most influential individual artist of the 15th century in Italy. He also did the another statue of David.
            2. Leonardo Da Vinci

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               • He is very important in this period. His famous painting is ''Mona Lisa''. His artwork influenced many artists such as Raphael. I put him in the art categories is because he did painting and sculptures.
            3. Raphael

               Annotations:

               • I put him under the artists and the perspective categories because he was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work admired its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.  He was the first artist who used a fine example of architectural perspective with a central vanishing point, and HL.. He is influenced by Leonardo da vinci. "Raphael." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2016.
            4. Perspective

               Annotations:

               • Raphael used perspective on his artwork to make it more neatly and perspective. Define: The art of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width, depth, and position in relation to each other. (google define)
            5. Michelangelo

               Annotations:

               • He was an Italian artists. His famous artworks included "Pieta," "Moses" and "David" sculptures. He is renowned for his painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City. Michelangelo was also the architect of St. Peter's Basilica. I put him under the artists-sculptors and painters because he created lots of sculptures and paintings.  "Michelangelo - Google ·j´M." Michelangelo. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2016.
         3. Non Religious Themes
      3. Politics

         Annotations:

         • Politics is very important in Renaissance period. Government make sure the peace among the people and they ruled the country. if there is no politics then the country/kingdom would collapsed.
         1. Power of the Church and Kings Challenged

            Annotations:

            • Because of  the politics, religion, the power of churches and kings were challenged because people started questioning their actions and what they are teaching. 
         2. Patrons

            Annotations:

            • I place it under politics because patrons is a person who gives support to a person, organization, or cause. They sponsor and support the artists for the artwork.
            1. Medici Family

               Annotations:

               • The Medici family controlled Florence throughout the Renaissance, played a large part in the patronage of the arts and the political development of the city. In 1397, Giovanni de Medici, the banker to the Papal Court, established headquarters in Florence.
      4. Science

         Annotations:

         • Science is vital subject at the Renaissance period. Scientists and the astronomer observing things and they created new ideas to people. I placed it under independent thinking because they use their creative and critical thinking on the science project. And they also have their own idea and believes.
         1. Famous Scientists
            1. Copernicus

               Annotations:

               • He was a Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who created a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe. He published: De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium ("On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres"). I placed him beside medicine because he has been study medicine.
               1. Medicine

                  Annotations:

                  • Medicine is important for people who is sick or get hurts. I put it under science because it is science or practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.
            2. Galileo

               Annotations:

               • Galileo was an Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician who played a major role in the scientific revolution during the Renaissance. And he is influenced by Nicolaus Copernicus. 
            3. Leonardo Da Vinci

               Annotations:

               • I also put him in the science category is because he created flying machine, submarine, the mirror, and many other machines. He is a genius, he did everything and influenced many other scientists. "Leonardo+da+vinci - Google ·j´M." Leonardo+da+vinci. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2016.
         2. Physician
            1. Vesalius

               Annotations:

               • Andreas Vesalius was an anatomist, physician, and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy. He was also a founder of modern human anatomy. I placed him under physician and beside medicine because he has been study medicine.
      5. Literature

         Annotations:

         • Literature is pretty important in the Renaissance period because the writers remain the books and history down for now people to see what happened before. They remained the evidence for people or scientists to observing study the history or writing.
         1. Historian
            1. Machiavelli

               Annotations:

               • He was an Italian Renaissance historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist, and writer. He has often been called the founder of modern political science. "Machiavelli - Google ·j´M." Machiavelli. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2016.
         2. Writer

            Annotations:

            • Petrarch and Shakespeare are famous writers in Renaissance Period.
            1. Petrarch

               Annotations:

               • He was an Italian scholar and poet in Renaissance Italy, and one of the earliest humanists. Petrarch's rediscovery of Cicero's letters is often credited for initiating the 14th-century Renaissance. "Petrarch - Google ·j´M." Petrarch. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2016.
            2. Shakespeare

               Annotations:

               •  I put him in the Literature, writer category because he was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.  "Shakespeare - Google ·j´M." Shakespeare. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2016.
2. Florence, Italy

   Annotations:

   • Most of the humanism, classical ideas, and independent thinking are come from Italy.