tutorial

tutorial

1. Proactive Interefence

   • Iv - Trials (5 level- 4 animals 1 profession)
     • DV-number of correct recall in each trial
       • the info learnt in the pass will influence the new learning infomation
         • the similarity effect: the amount of interference depends on the similarity of the infomation
           • Build up of Proactive interferene accumulates over successive trials if the stimulus used on the trials are similar.
             • Build up of proactive interference corresponds to a decline in recall preformance across sucesive trials
               • if the stimulus used on the trials are not similar (are diffrent, little or no Proactive interference should occur)
                 • Release from Proactive interference
                   • Trial 5 -occupation names were not similar to trial 1-4 (animals), therefore interference should be minimal, thus higher recall on trial 5 than trial 4 reflects the release of proactive interference
                     • MUST BE SIMILAR FOR PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE AND THE RELEASE OF PROACTIVE INTERENCE WHEN NEW CATAGORY INTRODUCED

2. the stroop test

   • IV- words presented
     • DV- colour naming time for set of stimuli
       • repeated measures design (withing groups) - all particpants getting all 3 levels:words, non words and rectangles
         • Results: mean colour naming time was sig longer in the words condition than in the rectangle condition
           • mean colour naming time was sig longer in the non words conditions than in the rectangle conditions
             • mean colour naming time was sig longer in the words condition than in the non words
               • the stoop test demonstrates how a process that has become automatic (through practice) can interfere with the thinking needed to complete a difefrent task

3. infomation in reference to the self tends to produce better memories

   • self reference effect
     • 2 IV's
       • DV- accuracy, the number of correct responces in the test phase
         • self reference effect occurs cause self referent encoding promtes ellaboration & organistion in the the memory
           • elboration entails creating associating links between study words & other martiral in somantic memory
             • in both cases retrieval is enhanced because multiple routes (pathways) are created
               • results: recognition test= there was a sig diffrence between self referent and other referent encoding conditions
                 • item recognition was more accurate in the self referent
                   • recency discrimination test was more accurate in the referent conditions on the
                     • recency discrimination test was more accurate in the refrent condition than the other refrent condition
                       • interpritation- multiple routes create . Self referent encoding promotess elaboration & organisation in memory
                         • elaborating entails creating ASSOCIATIVE LINKS between the study words & other material in semantic memory
                           • Organisation entails creating RELATIONAL LINKS between the study words.
                             • in both cases memory is enhanced as multiple routes are created
                               • Results for the recency discrimination test indicate that the Self Reference Effect is not restricted to the item retrieval
                                 • in comparison to other refference encoding, self reference encoding enhanced retrieval of infomation about the TEMPORAL ORDER of the study words
                                   • this is a new finding which expands the boundaries of the SRE to include another contextual aspect of episodic retrival
       • type of encoding (2 levels: self referent & other referent)
       • type of memory test ( 2 levels; new-old recognition & recency discrimination)
     • independent groups design (Between groups)