C2_atoms + the atomic structure

C2_atoms + the atomic structure

1. contents of an atom.

   • electrons
     • mass= 0.0005
     • charge= -1
   • protons
     • mass= 1
     • charge = +1
   • neutrons
     • mass = 1
     • charge= 0
     • mass number - atomic number.

2. electronic congifuration

   • the first shell has 2 electrons
     • the other shells have a maximum of 8.
       • e.g. carbon. = 2, 4

3. atoms are the smallest particle of an element.

4. ·

   • atomic number = no.protons=electron
   • mass number = no. neutrons + protons.
     • always bigger+untop

5. Ions.

   • when an atom loses or gains electrons.
   • lose electron, more protons, positive charge
   • gain electron, more electrons, negative charge
   • eg. ^19F-
     • fluoride= p; 9, n;10 e; (plus one, it had a minus one) 10

6. isotopes

   • different number of neutrons.
     • same electrons and protons

7. contributions.

   • john dalton
     • ~all matter is made up of atoms
     • ~discovered atoms
   • Joseph Thompson
     • ~found the sub-atomic particle, electron
   • Earnest Rutherford
     • ~nucleus is positively charged
     • ~discovered second aub-atomic particles
   • Niels Bohr
     • ~discovered the outer shells
     • ~found out electrons spiral inwards

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