58418
Description
Mind Map by n.c.wetmore, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by n.c.wetmore
about 11 years ago
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Bipolar Disorder
- Genetics
- genetic predisposition supported by usual
types of evidence
- twin studies and adoption studies
- researchers have located two genes appearing to
increase prob of bipolar II disorder
- NWULIA ET AL 2007
- also demonstrated some of same
genes that predispose major depression
also presuppose to bipolar
- genes increase risk not strong relationship
- NWULIA ET AL 2007
- researchers have located two genes appearing to
increase prob of bipolar II disorder
- twin studies and adoption studies
- genetic predisposition supported by usual
types of evidence
- Treatments
- lithium
- Cade thought uric aside would relieve
mania and used lithium salt to
dissolve - accidentally found it!
- stabilises mood, preventing relapse into either
mania or depression
- high dose is toxic
- Cade thought uric aside would relieve
mania and used lithium salt to
dissolve - accidentally found it!
- valproate and carbazepine
- not fully effective
- physicians sometimes supplement them with
antidep drugs or antipsychotic drugs
- antidep drugs are risky, sometimes provoke switch from
depression to mania
- antipsychotic drugs can be helpful but also produce unpleasant side effects
- antipsychotic drugs can be helpful but also produce unpleasant side effects
- antidep drugs are risky, sometimes provoke switch from
depression to mania
- physicians sometimes supplement them with
antidep drugs or antipsychotic drugs
- not fully effective
- all have many effects on the brain
- assume they relieve bipolar because of
effect they have in common
- one effect is decrease number of AMPA
type glutamate receptors in hippo
- DU ET AL 2008
- excessive flatmate activity is
responsibly for some aspects of mania
- DU ET AL 2008
- block synthesis of brain
chemical called arachidonic acid
- produced during brain inflammation
- effects are counteracted by omega-3
- epidemiological studies say people who eat 1 pound of seafood per
week have decreased risk of bipolar disorder
- epidemiological studies say people who eat 1 pound of seafood per
week have decreased risk of bipolar disorder
- produced during brain inflammation
- one effect is decrease number of AMPA
type glutamate receptors in hippo
- assume they relieve bipolar because of
effect they have in common
- bipolar patients show increased expression of
genes associated with inflammation
- getting people to maintain a consistent sleeping
schedule in dark, quiet rooms reduces intensity of
mood swings
- WEHR ET AL 1998
- WEHR ET AL 1998
- lithium
- Unipolar Disorder
- vary between
normality and
depression
- vary between
normality and
depression
- Bipolar Disorder
- alternate between
depression and mania
- Mania is restless activity,
excitement etc
- become dangerous to
themselves and others
- brains increase in glucose
and decrease for depression
- become dangerous to
themselves and others
- Mania is restless activity,
excitement etc
- those with massive episodes of
mania have bipolar I disorder
- bipolar II disorder have milder manic phases
called hypomania (anxiety)
- attention deficits, poor impulse control
and impairments of verbal memory
- alternate between
depression and mania
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