58413
Description
Mind Map by n.c.wetmore, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by n.c.wetmore
about 11 years ago
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Antidepressant Drugs
- Types of Antidepressants
- Tricyclics
- operate by blocking transporter proteins
that reabsorb serotonin, dopamine &
norepinephrine into presynaptic neurone
after release
- results in prolong the presence of NT
in synaptic cleft, continue stimulating
postsynaptic cell
- results in prolong the presence of NT
in synaptic cleft, continue stimulating
postsynaptic cell
- Also block histamine receptors,
acetycholine receptors & certain
sodium channels
- blocking histamine
causes drowsiness
- blocking
acetycholine leads to
dry mouth and hard
to urinate
- block sodium
channels causes
heart irregularities
- blocking histamine
causes drowsiness
- operate by blocking transporter proteins
that reabsorb serotonin, dopamine &
norepinephrine into presynaptic neurone
after release
- Selective Serotonin
Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
- specific to NT
serotonin
- prozac blocks
reuptake of
serotonine
- produce milder side effects than try but
effectiveness is about the same
- Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Reuptake Inhibitors
(SNRIs)
- block the reuptake of serotonin
and norepinephrine
- block the reuptake of serotonin
and norepinephrine
- specific to NT
serotonin
- Monoamine Oxidase
Inhibitors (MAOIs)
- block enzyme monoaime
oxidase (MASO
- presynaptic terminal enzyme that metabolises
catecholamines and serotonin into active forms.
- when block this enzyme the
presynaptic terminal has more of its
transmitter available for release
- when block this enzyme the
presynaptic terminal has more of its
transmitter available for release
- presynaptic terminal enzyme that metabolises
catecholamines and serotonin into active forms.
- last resort after
try and SSRI
- must avoid foods containing
syramine (cheese etcs
- combo of tyramine and
MAOIs increases blood
pressure
- combo of tyramine and
MAOIs increases blood
pressure
- block enzyme monoaime
oxidase (MASO
- atypical antidepressant
- buropion inhibits reuptake of dopamine and to some
extent norepinephrine but not serotonin
- buropion inhibits reuptake of dopamine and to some
extent norepinephrine but not serotonin
- St Johns Wort
- advantage of being
less expensive than
anti depressants
- advantage/disadvantage
available without a
prescription
- can end up taking
inappropriate amounts
which is dangerous
- can end up taking
inappropriate amounts
which is dangerous
- all mammals
have liver
enzyme breaks
down plant toxin
- increases effectiveness
of that enzyme
- this also breaks down medicines and
makes them ineffective
- this also breaks down medicines and
makes them ineffective
- increases effectiveness
of that enzyme
- advantage of being
less expensive than
anti depressants
- Tricyclics
- How do
Antidepressants work
- increase presence of
serotonin or other NT at
sun apse so problem is too
little of the NT
- blood metabolites, people with
sep have approx normal levels
of release of NT
- some studies show people with
dep have increase in serotonin
release
- BARTON ET AL 2008
- possible to decrease serotonin levels suddenly
by consuming all amino acids except tryptophan,
procurer to serotonin
- decrease in serotonin doesn't provoke any feelings of dep
- NEUMEISTER ET AL 2004
- NEUMEISTER ET AL 2004
- decrease in serotonin doesn't provoke any feelings of dep
- BARTON ET AL 2008
- some studies show people with
dep have increase in serotonin
release
- blood metabolites, people with
sep have approx normal levels
of release of NT
- would expect drugs to have
diff effects but most have equal
effects on NT
- two studies, patients failed
respond to antidep drug
- one added second drug
and other switched
- patients who didn't respond to
first, responded to second
- RUSH ET AL 2006
- RUSH ET AL 2006
- patients who didn't respond to
first, responded to second
- neither did control group
so no conclusions found
- one added second drug
and other switched
- two studies, patients failed
respond to antidep drug
- time course is
threat in term of
NT
- antidep produce effects on NT in
synapses within min-hrs
depending on drug
- takes 2 weeks for it
to start working
- delay of benefits suggests increase
level of NT at synapses doesn't
explain the benefits of drugs
- delay of benefits suggests increase
level of NT at synapses doesn't
explain the benefits of drugs
- takes 2 weeks for it
to start working
- antidep produce effects on NT in
synapses within min-hrs
depending on drug
- focus on neurotophins
- neurotophins aid in
survival, growth and
connections of neurons
- most with deo have lower levels of
neurotrophin called brain-derived
neutotrophic factor BDNF
- important for synaptic,
plasticity,learning and proliferation of
new neurones in hippo
- low BDNF people with dep have smaller
hippo, impaired learning, reduced production
of new hippo neurons
- important for synaptic,
plasticity,learning and proliferation of
new neurones in hippo
- prolonged use of antidep increases BDNF
prod and improves learning and formation
of new neurons
- takes weeks
- time course for BDNF and changes in
hippo matches time course for
behavioural recovery
- procedures block
neuron production
also block
behavioural benefits
of antidep drugs
- procedures block
neuron production
also block
behavioural benefits
of antidep drugs
- time course for BDNF and changes in
hippo matches time course for
behavioural recovery
- takes weeks
- BDNF alone doesn't auto elevate mood but helps by facilitating
new learning that builds new synapses and removes old ones
- mode of action explains why antidep
help people in dep but fail to elevate
mood for normal people
- mode of action explains why antidep
help people in dep but fail to elevate
mood for normal people
- neurotophins aid in
survival, growth and
connections of neurons
- increase presence of
serotonin or other NT at
sun apse so problem is too
little of the NT
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