Cardiovascular Health!......

Description & Why is it an NHPA?
1. refers to the health of the heart and blood vessels
2. CVD - known as disease of the heart or circulatory systems. It includes hypertension, stroke, coronary heart disease. Can be debilitating which results in a reduce functioning of the body and sometimes death.
3. Main cause for CVD is atherosclerosis
  1. Atherosclerosis - build up of plaque on the walls of blood vessels which narrow the pathways of the blood. The plaque is made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, calcium and tissue all glued together. Over time the plaque becomes thicker, narrowing the pathways further putting strain on the heart to pump more blood to push it through.
  2. cells transported by the blood die and organs play up due to the restraint of oxygen received.
4. NHPA b/c of its contribution to burden of disease, its associated costs and the fact that it can be largely prevented
5. Many determinant contributing to CVD are modifiable meaning they can be changed to prevent the disease
6. CVD is the leading cause of death and disability in all adults
Costs
1. Direct
  1. Individuals
    1. ambulance
    2. medication
    3. doctor and specialist fees
  2. Community
    1. health promotion programs
    2. medicare, PBS & PHI
2. Indirect
  1. Individual
    1. changes to living conditions
      1. wheelchair from stroke
    2. hire someone to do work
  2. Community
    1. lost productivity
    2. cost of carers
    3. Welfare payments
3. Intangible
  1. Individual
    1. pain & suffering
    2. Mental Health
      1. stress about death
    3. lifestyle changes
      1. dietary
      2. social events no longer
  2. Community
    1. lifestyle changes
      1. act as carer
    2. anxiety and stress
      1. death or surgery
Determinants
1. Biological
  1. Body weight
    1. obesity - strain on the heart and its muscles
    2. Increase risk of hypertension and high levels of cholesterol
  2. Genetic Predisposition
    1. increase risk if family history
  3. High blood pressure
    1. indicator that the heart is already working harder than it should
    2. Increase risk of kidney disease and stroke
  4. High blood cholesterol
    1. Increase risk of plaque building on artery walls making it hard for blood to push through. Known as atherosclerosis.
  5. Sex
    1. males higher risk of CVD - excess fat around the abdominal area.
  6. Diabetes
    1. risk factor for CVD
  7. Advancing in Age
    1. Basal Metabolism slows with age meaning it is harder to burn off fat. As you age your heart also looses its efficiency
2. Behavioural
  1. Tobacco Smoking
    1. increase blood pressure and build plaque on artery walls. hard for blood to pump through
  2. Excessive Alcohol Consumption
    1. high amounts of kilojules
    2. If unused ,can lead to becoming overweight >lead to CVD
  3. Insufficient Physical Activity
    1. Not exercising leads to energy being stored as fat.
    2. heart must be trained and maintained to increase efficiency.
  4. Poor Nutrition
    1. diet high in saturated fat increase obesity
    2. Fruit and veggies must be eaten on a daily basis to decrease risk of CVD
3. Physical Environment
  1. Environmental Tobacco Smoke
    1. exposure increases the risk of CVD and also atherosclerosis
  2. Access to Recreational Facilities
    1. may not exercise enough lead increase obesity and overweight
  3. Transport Systems
    1. non promotional active transport increase the risk of being overweight and obese
  4. Air pollution
    1. Smoke, chemicals and harsh pollutants exposure can increase rates of obesity
  5. Work Environment
    1. do not promote physical activity such as stairs may increase obesity and chances of CVD
  6. Noise Pollution
    1. prolonged exposure can increase stress and hypertension
4. Social
  1. Socioeconomic Status
    1. Low SES moire likely to smoke and be obese > higher rates of CVD.
  2. Unemployment
    1. high stress & reduced SES
  3. Social Exclusion
    1. more likely to smoke and consume alcohol > higher rates of CVD
  4. Occupation
    1. Job control. not safe = higher levels of stress and anxiety
    2. physical jobs decrease CVD
  5. Food Security
    1. processed food = high CVD
  6. Stress
    1. long periods bad. Physical changes increase the chances of getting high blood pressure and heart attacks
  7. Early Life Experiences
    1. healthy weight as kids = more likely to have healthy weight during adulthood. habits continue
Health Promotion
1. Shape Up Aus
2. Go for 2 & 5
3. Quit Program
4. Heart Foundation Tick
  1. encourages people to buy these products for a healthier heart

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Cardiovascular Health!......

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	Created by mikaela.farrugia about 10 years ago