64885
Description
Mind Map by george.stringer, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by george.stringer
about 11 years ago
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Attachment
- What is
attachment?
- Attachment
is an
emotional
relationship
between
infants and
their
caregivers
- Attachment
is an
emotional
relationship
between
infants and
their
caregivers
- Learning Theory
- Classical Conditioning
- Learning through
association. Getting
food from a baby's
mother gives them
pleasure.
- The desire for
food is fufilled
when the
mother is
around therefore
the baby makes
an association
with the mother
and food.
- The desire for
food is fufilled
when the
mother is
around therefore
the baby makes
an association
with the mother
and food.
- Learning through
association. Getting
food from a baby's
mother gives them
pleasure.
- Operant Conditioning
- Reinforcing
behaviour.
- Positive
Reinforcement -
Good behaviour
will be rewarded.
Children will repeat
action
- Negative
Reinforcement -
removing a discomfort
e.g. crying so mother
feeds them therefore
removing discomfort.
Children will repeat
action
- Punishment -
Punishing a child
for bad behaviour.
Children will not
repeat action
- Positive
Reinforcement -
Good behaviour
will be rewarded.
Children will repeat
action
- Reinforcing
behaviour.
- Classical Conditioning
- Attachment and comfort
- Harlow
- In a lab experiment, rhesus
monkeys were raised in
isolation. They had two
surrogate mothers (wire with
food and cloth with no food)
- Monkeys spent most of the
time with cloth mother and
only went to food mother
when hungry.
- Monkeys grew up showing
signs of social/emotional
disturbance and female
monkeys were bad mothers
and violent to offspring
- There was a strict control of
variables. Can't generalise results as
only monkeys were used. Ethical
Issues. Low Ecological Validity.
- In a lab experiment, rhesus
monkeys were raised in
isolation. They had two
surrogate mothers (wire with
food and cloth with no food)
- Schaffer and Emerson
- Studied 60 babies during
first 18 months of birth.
Many babies didn't have
strong attachments.
- The babies formed better attachments
with those who interacted/played with
them more
- Studied 60 babies during
first 18 months of birth.
Many babies didn't have
strong attachments.
- Harlow
- Ethological Approach
- Lorenz
- Randomly divided dreylag goose eggs in
two groups. Group 1 left with mother and
group 2 in an incubator.
- Incubator eggs attached to
the first moving thing they
saw (Lorenz) which
followed him. When the two
groups were re-united they
quickly grouped.
- Imprinting was most likely between
13-16 hours of hatching. The critical
period was 32 hours. After that it was
too late to attach
- Randomly divided dreylag goose eggs in
two groups. Group 1 left with mother and
group 2 in an incubator.
- Lorenz
- Bowlby's Evolutionary Theory
- Biological need to attach
to a caregiver. Having one
special attachment is
called monotropy
- Strong attachment
provides a 'safe base' to
explore. It gves us a
template for future
relationships
- First 3 years of lfe is the
critical period of atatchment. If
no attachment is made it
could damage a child's social
and emotional development
- Harlow supported this theory.
Schaffer and Emerson was against
this theory (multiple attachments).
Harlow's study goes against
monotropy.
- Biological need to attach
to a caregiver. Having one
special attachment is
called monotropy
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