London 2011 Riots and Social Networking

MAIN SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES USED DURING THE RIOTS
1. FACEBOOK
  1. Facebook was used to allow others to communciate but was not as popular as BBM or Twitter. Therefore it was useful, but not the main source of communcation due to the open privacy that is easy to track.It is free and also instant
2. TWITTER
  1. People also used Twitter as a way to communciate and share what was happening, this was through tweets with hashtags so that it can be looked at easier. Again, it is free and instant
3. BLACKBERRY MESSENGER (BBM)
  1. This was the main source of communication during the riots due to the fact that it is instant, free and also cheap to gain a handset.It was also the main source of communciation due to the closed source and privacy which made it hard for police to track the messages or to see who is involved or what is said. It allowed rioters to share where they were, what they were going to do and could do this by broadcasting one message to all of their contacts - it was an effecient way to communicate
IMPACTS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING ON THE RIOTS
1. SHARING OF PICTURES AND VIDEOS
  1. Many people shared what they had stole from shops or where they were going to steal from. Social networking sites allowed them to do this with ease.
    1. With more people sharing what they ahd done it could of caused more people to locate there to then 'join in' causing more damage and violence
2. EXPANDED THE RIOTS
  1. It allowed free, instant and easy access to communciation to whoever they want - when they want
  2. During this time, many teenager and young adults had or owned a BlackBerry meaning that they had access to BlackBerry Messenger (BBM) so rioters could therefore use this as their main source of communication as everyone that they wanted to get the message - would
  3. BBM could not be tracked so therefore whatever was said could not be seen by police and then stopped
3. ALLOWED GROUPS TO TARGET ONE SPECIFIC PERSON OR AREA
  1. With the use of social networking sites, messages could be sent to multiple people. This then allowed meet ups to occur and to then be more 'successful;'
CAUSES OF THE RIOTS
1. MARK DUGGAN SHOT
  1. Instant occurred in Tottenham on 4 August 2011
  2. Was a 29 year old black man and had been shot by a white police office
    1. This was done due to the suspicion that he was planning an attack and was in possession of a hangun
  3. Widespread riots in 2011 were caused by the police reaction to Mark Duggan's death
    1. Family started a peaceful protest into the slow reaction from the police into the investagation of his death
    2. Shaun Bailey (former aide to David Cameron) said the Met Police's failure to speak directly with the Duggan family coupled with mixed messages coming out of Scotland Yard
  4. What happened?
    1. At the scene, the police recovered a weapon which they claimed was Duggan's
    2. Police had been trailing Duggan for a while. They believed that he had acquired a firearm
      1. He was shot dead by armed police officers
      2. Police tried to claim that they had killed him during a shoot-out
        No evidence that Mark Duggan opened fire at police officers
        But it's been discovered that the bullet that hit a policer's radio was fired by the officer who shot Duggan dead
DURATION
1. 6–11 August 2011 (although incidents continued after this period)
LOCATION
1. EXPANSION
  1. In the duration of the riots they had spread to many other areas outside of London
    1. Birmingham
    2. Merseyside
    3. Greater Manchester
    4. Nottingham
    5. Bristol
2. DISTRICTS OF LONDON
  1. Tottenham
  2. Hackney
  3. Brixton
  4. Walthamstow
  5. Peckham
  6. Enfield
  7. Croydon
  8. Battersea
  9. Ealing
  10. Barking
  11. Woolich
  12. Lewisham
  13. East Ham
METHODS OF VIOLENCE
1. Rioting
2. Looting
3. Arson
4. Mugging
5. Assault
6. Murder
CONSEQUENCES OF THE RIOTS
1. PERSONAL ATTACKS AND THEFTS
  1. A 15-year-old was accused in August 2011 of raping a 13-year-old girl while the riots were taking place
  2. 20-year-old student Ashraf Haziq was attacked while cycling along Queen's Road in Barking. The prosecution said that the victim was punched in the fact by one of a group of 100 youths. His bike, PlayStation Portable and mobile phone were stolen. In September 2011, an accusation of robbery was made against 24-year-old Reece Donovan
    1. The same month, a 17-year-old was accused in court of breaking the victim's jaw with an unprovoked punch. In February 2012, John Kafunda and Reece Donovan were convicted of stealing from Rossli, after being identified on camera pretending to help him
2. PROPERTY AND BUSINESS DAMAGE
  1. At least 100 homes were destroyed in the arson and looting
  2. Shopkeepers estimated the damages in their Tottenham Hale and Tottenham branches at several million pounds
    1. It was estimated that retailers lost at least 30,000 trading hours
  3. The riots caussed the irretrievable loss of heritage architechture
3. TRANSPORT
  1. 4 London buses were set on fire during the riots
    1. Many other London buses were damaged
  2. On 9 August, Croydon's Tramlink was partly shut down due to damage inflicted along its route. Transport for London, London Overground and London Underground shut Barking, Peckham, Rye and Harrow-on-the-Hill and Hackney Central stations. The train operating company Southern later announced that trains were not stopping at many stations in South London. National Express Coaches stopped serving Wolverhampton and sub-urban stops in the Birmingham area (but not Birmingham Coach Station itself) and Manchester (but not Manchester Airport)
4. INJURIES
  1. In total, 186 police officers were injured as well as 3 Police Community Support Offices. 5 police dogs were also reported injured
  2. In Barking, East London, a 20-year-old Malaysian student Ashraf Rossli was beaten and then robbed twice by looters emptying his rucksack. Footage of the second mugging, which appears to show the second set of muggers pretending to help him then proceed to ransack his rucksack, was uploaded onto YouTube. He suffered a broken jaw, requiring surgery
  3. In London, between Monday afternoon and the early hours of Tuesday, 14 people were injured by rioters. These included a 75-year-old woman who suffered a broken hip in Hackney
  4. 10 firefighters were injured as the London Fire Brigade dealt with over 100 serious fires caused by the disturbances. The LFB also reported that 8 of its fire engines had their windscreens smashed and that 2 fire cars were attacked
  5. In Chingford, East London, 3 police officers were hit by a car used as a getaway vehicle by a group who looted the Aristocrat store on Chingford Mount Road. Two of the officers were seriously injured and taken to hospital
5. DEATHS
  1. RICHARD MANNINGTON BOWES
    1. A 68-year-old man, died on 11 August after he was attacked while attempting to stamp out a litter-bin fire in Ealing on the evening 8 August
  2. TREVOR ELLIS
    1. A 26-year-old from Brixton Hill died following a shooting in Croydon, South London on 8 August
  3. HAROON JAHAN, SHAHZAD ALI AND ABDUL MUSAVIR
    1. On 10 August, in Winson Green, Birmingham, three men - Haroon Jahan, 21, and brothers Shahzad Ali, 30 and Abdul Musavir, 31 - were killed in a hit-and -run accident whilst attempting to protect their neighbourhood from rioters and looters

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	Created by annabel titcombe over 9 years ago