Slippery Path

Demographics
1. 26 year old
2. Ali
Drugs
1. are substances that change a person's physical or mental state
  1. Nadin M-Bassam Adi U15101378 Group:K
2. Two types
  1. Use drugs
  2. Abuse (Recreational drugs)
    1. Tobacco smoke
    2. Marijuana
    3. Heroin
    4. Coccaine
Pharmacodynamics
1. What a drug does to the body
2. Terminology
  1. Affinity
    1. The ability of drug to fit onto the receptor
  2. Efficacy
    1. Ability of D-R complex to make a response
  3. Potency
    1. the different doses of two drugs needed to produce the same effect
  4. Effective Concentration 50% (ED50)
    1. Concentration of the drug which induces effect in 50% of subjects
  5. Lethal Dose 50% (LD50)
    1. Concentration of the drug which induces death in 50% of subjects
3. Receptors
  1. Ligand gated ion channels
  2. G-protein coupled receptors
  3. Kinase-linked receptors
  4. Nuclear receptors
4. Ligands classification
  1. Agonist
  2. Partial agonist
  3. Inverse agonist
  4. Antagonist
    1. Chemical Antagonists
    2. Physiological Antagonists
    3. Pharmacokinetic antagonism
Puberty
1. Girls
  1. breast development
  2. Pubic hair
2. Boys
  1. development of external genitalia
  2. pubic hair
Addiction Risk factors
1. Family history
2. Peer pressure
3. To show independence
4. Anxiety, depression and loneliness
5. Lack of family involvement
Common Drugs in UAE
1. Tobacco smoking and sheesha
2. Energy drinks
3. Tramadol and other prescribed medicatons
4. sniffing glue and inhaling butane and paint thinner
xenobiotics
1. enter the body
  1. Enter cells
    1. Metabolised
      1. Exit cells
        Exit the body
        How
        Renal excretion
        Biliary excretion
        Exhalation
        Sweat
        Others
        How
        special ATP-ases like P-glycoproteins excrete xenobiotics
      2. How
        Phase 1
        CYP450s and other enzymes
        Phase 2 (conjugation)
        transferases
    2. How
      1. Simple diffusion
      2. Facilitated diffusion
      3. Active transport (primary and secondary)
      4. endocytosis
  2. How
Addiction age groups
1. Increases during adulthood because of stress increase and money availability.
Alcohol
1. Metabolism
2. metabolic pathways affected
3. Effect on health
Addiction & dependence
1. dependence
  1. physical
    1. physical symptoms occur if the drug is suddenly stopped
  2. psychological
    1. drug becomes central to the person’s thoughts, activities and emotions
2. addiction
  1. inability to control drug use, and use despite doing harm to self
Poly drug use
1. Alcohol & Cocaine
2. Alcohol & Ecstasy
3. Opiates & Cocaine
4. Cocaine & Ecstasy
5. Alcohol & any other drug
Tolerance
1. greater amounts of drug are required to achieve the initial effect
2. Types
  1. Pharmacokinetic tolerances
  2. Pharmacodynamic tolerance
  3. Behavioral tolerance
Withdrawal symptoms
1. Irritability
2. Depression
3. Racing heart
Treatment
1. Pharmacotherapy
  1. Drug substitution
    1. types
      1. Agonist
      2. Partial agonist
      3. Antagonist
    2. Examples
      1. Methadone
      2. Buprenorphine
      3. Naltrexone
2. Psychological
3. Family Therapy
4. Group Therapy
Physical examination
Psychosocial effects of addiction
1. Marriage/Relationship
2. Financial issues
3. Law and Order
Investigations
1. Breath Test
2. Blood Test
3. Urine Test
4. Hair Test
5. Saliva Test

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Slippery Path

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	Created by Nadeen Adi over 9 years ago