Atomic Structure

Atomic Models
1. Dalton
  1. Early 19th century
  2. atoms solid spheres
    1. different atoms make different elements
2. Thomson
  1. 1877
  2. plum pudding model
  3. solid sphere of +ve charge
    1. smaller -ve particles - electrons
3. Rutherford
  1. 1909
  2. gold foil experiment
  3. tiny, dense +ve nucleus
4. Bohr
  1. fixed orbitals
    1. electrons move between energy levels electromagnetic radiation emitted/absorbed
      2. fixed frequency
    2. fixed energy
  2. Refined
    1. sub-shells
5. Quantum
  1. probability
  2. don't know what direction or where electron is
Mass Spectrometry
1. Stages
  1. 1. Vaporisation
  2. 2. Ionisation
  3. 3. Acceleration
  4. 4. Deflection
  5. 5. Detection
Electronic Structure
1. Exceptions
  1. Cu
  2. Cr
2. sub-shells pairs fill singly
Ionisation Energies
1. Second ionisation energies
  1. greater than first IE
    1. how much
  2. electronic configuration
2. trends
  1. down group 2
    1. further away
    2. inner shell shielding
    3. decreases
  2. across period 3
    1. increases
    2. number protons increases
      1. nuclear attraction
    3. exceptions
      1. Mg
        shielding
        higher energy
        periods 1&2
      2. S
        repulsion
        periods 5&6
3. factors
  1. shielding
  2. nuclear charge
  3. distance from nucleus

Resource summary

	Created by tp2339 about 10 years ago