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Hemolytic Anemias

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Mind map: hemolytic anemias

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Hemolytic Anemias

Intravascular hemolysis
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
  - Missing CD55 and CD59
  - Positive Ham's test
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Mechanical destruction
Extravascular hemolysis
- Hereditary spherocytosis
  - Ankyrin
  - Spectrin
  - Increased MCHC and RDW
  - Splenomegaly
  - Aplastic crises due to parvovirus B19
  - Osmotic fragility test
  - Splenectomy
- G6PD deficiency
  - Sensitive to oxidative stress
    - Sulfa drugs
    - Fava beans
    - Infections
  - Heinz bodies
- Pyruvate kinase deficiency
  - RBCs cannot generate ATP
  - Swelling and hemolysis of the red cells
- Sickle cell disease
  - Low oxygen tension
  - Dehydration
  - Complications
    - Sequestration crisis
    - Autosplenectomy
    - Salmonella osteomyelitis
    - Aplastic criss due to parvovirus B19
    - Pain crises due to vasoocclusion
    - Renal papillary necrosis due to hypoxemia
  - Treatment
    - Hydroxyurea
    - Bone marrow transplantation
- Hemoglobin C disease
  - Heterozygous: asymptomatic
  - Homozygous: mild hemolysis and splenomegaly
  - SC disease
Warm agglutinins (IgG antibodies)
- Lupus
- CLL
- Drugs
Cold agglutinins (IgM antibodies)
- CLL
- Mycoplasma infections
- Infectious mononucleosis