70272
Making and Breaking Alliances
- Alliances played important role in power
struggle; allowed Stalin to stay in background
while other contenders publicly fought.
- Distanced himself from petty fights and gained respect of Party
- Alliances allowed Stalin to deal with opponents in turn.
- Stalin's alliances allowed him to maintain majority of
support in Politburo - always part of government and
never associated with opposition faction.
- Distanced himself from petty fights and gained respect of Party
- Lenin's death created a
power vaccum at heart of
Soviet government
- 1923-1925 Triumvirate (Zinoviev, Kamenev, Stalin) v Left Opposition (Trotsky)
- Formed in order to prevent Trotsky seizing power.
In 1924 Triumvirate defended NEP against
Trotsky's alternative.
- Trotsky criticised party for being
bureaucratic, was easily defeated
in vote; congress filled with Stalin's
delegates and blocs controlled by
Kamenev and Zinoviev. Could
have appealed to supporters but had
approved ban on factions in 1921.
- Trotsky criticised party for being
bureaucratic, was easily defeated
in vote; congress filled with Stalin's
delegates and blocs controlled by
Kamenev and Zinoviev. Could
have appealed to supporters but had
approved ban on factions in 1921.
- Formed in order to prevent Trotsky seizing power.
In 1924 Triumvirate defended NEP against
Trotsky's alternative.
- May 1924 - Krupskaya
gave Lenin's testament to
Central Committee before
Thirteenth Party
Congress. Zinoviev and
Kamenev urged it should
be kept secret, believing
Stalin a smaller threat
than Trotsky.
- In 1924 Zinoviev and
Kamenev
campaigned against
Trotsky, questioning
his loyalty. Trotsky
criticised them in
Lessons of October.
Stalin appeared
moderate
peacekeeper, and
due to Zinoviev and
Kamenev's fea was
able to bring
supporters into key
positions.
- 1925-1928 Dumvirate (Bukharin and Stalin) v
United Opposition (Trotsky, Zinoviev and
Kamenev)
- Triumvirate fell apart. Zinoviev and Kamenev moved to left wing,
advocating rapid industrialisation. Stalin allied with Bukharin,
defending NEP and Socialism in One Countrty.
- At Fourteenth Party Congress Zinoviev and Kamenev attacked Stalin for
calling end to NEP - Stalin's control meant lost every vote.
- 1926 formed United Opposition with Trotsky. 1927 at
Fifteenth Party Congress voted against United Opposition policies.
- United Opposition had made direct appeal to party masses and
workers, trying to organise Moscow deonstrations - accused of
factionalism and in 1927 expelled.
- United Opposition had made direct appeal to party masses and
workers, trying to organise Moscow deonstrations - accused of
factionalism and in 1927 expelled.
- 1926 formed United Opposition with Trotsky. 1927 at
Fifteenth Party Congress voted against United Opposition policies.
- At Fourteenth Party Congress Zinoviev and Kamenev attacked Stalin for
calling end to NEP - Stalin's control meant lost every vote.
- Triumvirate fell apart. Zinoviev and Kamenev moved to left wing,
advocating rapid industrialisation. Stalin allied with Bukharin,
defending NEP and Socialism in One Countrty.
- Stalin v Right Opposition:
- 1928 turned against NEP
(against Lenin's ideas!) and
attacked right wing, now
advocating rapid
industrialisation and use of
force to make peasants
co-operate, policies of the left
he had slated in 1925.
Bukharin defended NEP but at
Congress in 1929 outvoted by
Stalin's supporters and those
on left who were against NEP.
- Bukharin and right wing leaders Rykov and Tomsky
removed from Politburo and other Party bodies.
- Bukharin and right wing leaders Rykov and Tomsky
removed from Politburo and other Party bodies.
- 1928 turned against NEP
(against Lenin's ideas!) and
attacked right wing, now
advocating rapid
industrialisation and use of
force to make peasants
co-operate, policies of the left
he had slated in 1925.
Bukharin defended NEP but at
Congress in 1929 outvoted by
Stalin's supporters and those
on left who were against NEP.
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