Programming

Programming

1. Programming languages

   • C++ and Java are examples of programming languages. These are known as high level languages because they have been developed to be a little like a human language.
   • low level language such as Machine Code, or Assembly Language. The advantage of a low level language is that it runs very fast on the computer.
   • Translators
     • 'An assembler translates assembly language into machine code. Assembly language is a low-level language written in mnemonics that closely reflects the operations of the CPU.
     • An interpreter translates code into machine code, instruction by instruction - the CPU executes each instruction before the interpreter moves on to translate the next instruction
     • A compiler translates the whole program into machine code before the program is run. It can be difficult to test individual lines of compiled code compared to interpreted languages as all bugs are reported after the program has been compiled.
   • IDE (integrated development environment)
     • Translator. This compiles or interprets the code.
     • runtime environment. This means that you can execute the program one step at a time.
     • Code editor. Is a text edit area that allows developers to write

2. Control flow in imperative languages

   • The most basic algorithm uses sequences to present a list of instructions to be followed one after the other, step by step.
   • A selection is used to make choices based on information. An algorithm can be made more intelligent by using IF, THEN and ELSE to repeat instructions or move to different parts of the program.
   • Iteration is the process of repeating sections of a program to achieve a particular target or goal.
     • For example, on a desktop computer, the operating system has a program that continually checks your USB ports to see if you have plugged in a device. Even after you have plugged in a device, it still continues to check for any new devices.

3. Testing

   • Syntax errors are mistakes in the way that the code is written. Translators can only execute a program if it is syntactically correct. Common syntax errors include spelling mistakes, incorrect use of punctuation and the use of capital letters.
   • logical errors, are those where the program works but produces different results from what you designed or expected. A program with semantic errors will execute without any errors being reported.

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