Clark: The aim is not to improve society but to make
crime less attractive and reducing the opportunity
Right realist- Wilson+Kellings Broken
glass/ zero tolerance
Ration choice theory- they weigh up the pros and
cons of the crime.
2. Ethnicity, Crime and Justice
Explaining differences in offending
Lea+Young- ethnic differences reflect a truthful image of offenders, ethnic
minorities are likely to commit crimes because they feel materially deprived
Marginalisation/ material deprivation/ subcultures