Investigating Population Change

Investigating Population Change

1. What is demographic change?

2. How and Why does population change naturally?

3. What is the role of migration in population change

   • Personal
   • Demand in the area
   • Economic

4. What are the demographic challenges facing countries

   • Ageing Society
     • This is usually a stage 4-5 country
       • Retirent Migration
         • Britons - Case study
           • 74,636 pensioners
       • Return Migration
       • In 2010 17% of population were over 65
         • 5.3% of population 80+
           • Increased dependency rate 31.2%
     • Less workers to provide the elderly society therefore bigger pensions for the elderly
       • However retirement age is increased
     • Better support to the elderly in the community
       • More jobs available
         • Social tension
       • Better services, including medical services
   • Growth In Confined Spaces
     • Singapore
       • 5 million people by 2010
       • Encourage 1 child per couple
       • No natural resources
       • Gov is encouraging education
   • Coping With Growth
     • India
   • Coping with AIDS
     • Botswana
       • In 2010 it had a high maternity rate of 119/100,00
       • Infant mortality is 48/1000
       • Availability of doctors is 40/100,000
       • Consequence is many orphans being left without support
       • HIV carriers are usually middle aged 20-40
       • Because of poverty and lack of education
   • Community Based Policy
     • Thailand

5. Changing gender structures

   • Gender roles
     • Stage 2 countries
       • High Infant mortality rates therefore many children
     • Stage 3 countries
       • Women are used as cheap labour
     • Stage 4 countries
       • Most women hold professional jobs and have 1-2 kids
     • Stage 5 countries
       • Hard to relate gender structure as its a declining population
   • Policies
     • Giving girl a good education
     • Providing good opportunities for work
     • Contraception
   • Gay and Lesbian community

6. Refugees and Asylum seekers

   • Asylum Seekers
     • Application made to reside a country
       • migration from poorest countries or media encourages people to travel
       • Cost of asylum seekers
         • Housing and Welfare payments
         • Schooling
         • Social Services
   • Refugees
     • Those fleeing from persecution and harsh political regimes "person unable or unwilling to return to their homeland for fear of persecution due to many reasons (ethnicity, religion, race, political view)
       • Case study - Rwanda and Burundi
         • 1994 - Genocide
           • 500,000 were displaced because of the civil war
           • Between the Tutsi and Hutu
           • Resulted in death
           • By 1996 1.7 million rwandans and 200,000 burundians were in camps
         • In 2007 they decided to return home
       • 15.2 million refugees reached developing countries
   • Internationally displaced persons
     • Group or person forced to flee out of their homeland to avoid conflict
   • Illegal immigrant - enter country without authority and hope to stay
     • UK border agency
   • Stateless persons - person who isn't considered as a national by the state
   • Policies
     • Strict travelling
     • Accepting those with skills
     • Visa requirements
     • UN universal Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone has a right to a nationality however there are people who haven't got one