Tourism Case Studies

Kenya (Mass Tourism)
1. Popular because of: weather, English speaking, scenery, big game safari, coral coast, accessibility (relatively close exotic holidays, fly to Nairobi)
2. Impacts on Kenya (as well as the general tourism problems): tourism contributes 15% of GNP but only 15% of that goes to locals (rest to companies in MEDCs), huge increase in crime (poverty stricken Kenyans), stimulates local farmers, promotes racial understanding, income for rural villagers, infrastructure
  1. Things such as traditional dancing put on for tourists preserve the culture and customs of the Maasai tribe. However some Maasai tribespeople were forced off their land to create National Parks for tourists. Also, some Muslim people in Kenya are offended by Western attitudes
3. Environmental impacts: 23 National Parks in Kenya, the entry fee from which is used to protect wildlife etc. However, safari vehicles destroy vegetation and cause soil erosion, wild animals are affected, coral reefs in the Malindi Marine National Park are destroyed by people taking rocks and boats anchoring and sewage from hotels etc.
4. To maintain tourism: visa fees dramatically reduced, new airstrips planned to make National Parks more accessible, advertisement campaigns
Antarctica (Extreme Tourism)
1. Extreme tourism is tourism to locations with different environments where the development of tourism has only recently occurred due to a niche market demand
  1. Reasons for increase: improvements in transport, more disposable income, advertising (e.g. TV programmes), want to see places like Antarctica before it melts
    1. Impacts: damage to environment (deforestation, soil erosion, pollution)
2. Lack of services, niche market, very few services, extreme conditions/ landscape
3. Visitors are high income groups, older professionals, physically active 'risk takers'
4. Measure to limit impact of tourism in Antarctica by IAATO (all tour operators are members of this, it directs tourism to be safe and environmentally friendly): no waste or litter at all, nobody within 5m of penguins or other wildlife, nobody walks on lichens or moss, must have experienced and trained scientific guides who have researched there, no visitors allowed to SSSIs (Sites of Special Scientific Interest - e.g. Bird Island on Suth Georgia), no ships carrying over 500 passengers, all activities have controlled numbers
  1. Also international regulation states that no ship carrying heavy oil can enter its waters
Blackpool (UK tourism)
1. Reasons for early growth: railways made travel easy (from around 1840s) and cheap, 'factory weeks' in 1800s in industrial towns (e.g. Preston, Blackburn) where the factories all closed and the workers had a holiday
  1. How did Blackpool attract tourists: the pier was built in 1868 (entertainment, food, photographs etc) it was a brand new exciting concept, 1878 'Winter Gardens' indoor entertainment building (e.g. dancing, shows, singers), 1879 'Blackpool Illuminations' most had candle-light so travelled many miles to see them, 1893 third pier added (only place with 3), 1894 Blackpool Tower built with a circus and ballroom, recently mass tourism and expensive seaside hotels
    1. How Blackpool consolidated visitors: 1930s growth of Pleasure Beach (new rides etc), built more and more expensive hotels and development of older things, 1950s it had achieved consolidation although there were not many new visitors (returning only).
2. Nowadays to increase numbers: reduced prices, went downmarket (cheap booze, 'lads holidays', stag dos, not family, 'low spending' visitors), trying to get mass numbers
  1. This led to less visitors and less money being spent
3. Why Blackpool declined: post-war depression was over and people had more disposable income to spend, 1960s holidays abroad became normal (cheap air travel, guaranteed sunshine, resorts abroad developing, cheap package holidays, new culture)< town was dependent on tourism so declined dramatically, no money in = no further investment = even less tourists ('downward spiral')
  1. How Blackpool tried to rejuvenate itself: new promenade and sea defences, attracting new types of visitors, improving infrastructure (e.g. new tramway, roads, parks, buildings)
4. (North-west coast of England, 30 miles north of Liverpool)
Tataquara Lodge (Ecotourism)
1. On an island in the Xingu River in the Brazilian state of Para (in the rainforest), owned and operated by cooperative of six local tribes
  1. Offers: 15 rooms, fishing, canoeing, wildlife viewing, forest walks (rainforest wildlife)
2. Environmental benefits: lodge built from local materials that were found ion the ground (no trees cut down, building blends with surroundings), uses solar power to run lights (no fossil fuels), locally produced food (no food miles)
3. Economic benefits: not owned by big foreign company and lodge uses locally produced food (income goes straight into local economy)
4. Benefits for locals: employment, nearby villagers are encouraged to sell their own products there (e.g. souvenirs)and perform traditional dances (preserves culture)
5. Helps the sustainable development of the area: profits used to improve education and healthcare (improves quality of life of locals), development is sustainable as there is no damage to the environment (also local people don't have to find employment in logging etc), resources not used up (solar power) so the resources are available for future generations

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Tourism Case Studies

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	Created by Monty Kirk almost 11 years ago