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910616
Henry VIII: Authority, Nation & Religion-Key Names
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Should help with source papers and identifying who wrote them
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history
tudor
a-level
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Danni_E
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Resource summary
Henry VIII: Authority, Nation & Religion-Key Names
John Foxe (1516-87)
English martyrologist and Protestant, forced into exile during the reign of Mary I
Most famous for his 'Book of Martyrs', which details a history of English Protestant martyrs from the 14th Century to his own day
Eager to portray a pre-reformation Catholic Church riddled with corruption and ready to collapse
Thomas Howard-Duke of Norfolk (1443-1524)
Fought against Henry VII at Bosworth and imprisoned for three years
Released in 1489 and given a chance to prove his loyalty to the new regime
A fine soldier, his finest hour was possibly his crushing victory over James IV at Flodden in 1513.
Never saw eye-to-eye with Wolsey
Cardinal Campeggio
Made Cardinal in 1517 and Papel legate to England in 1518
Became Bishop of Salisbury and Archbishop of Bologna in 1524
Role in the Legatine Court at Blackfriars that aimed to resolve Henry's Great Matter
European politics dictated that Campeggio was in no position to decree on the divorce
He adjourned the court in July 1529 for the long, hot Italian summer, despite the location being England
The failure of the court marked the end of the road for Wolsey and the beginnings of the break with Rome
Martin Luther
Leading German reformer and the most prominent religious figure in the early reformation
Strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money
Wrote the 95 Theses in 1517
Believed selling of indulgences was wrong and implied the Church was corrupt
William Tyndale
Most active and outspoken Lutheran in England
Led a vicious attack on the standards of the clergy
Endorsed Luther's ideas on salvation
Forced to flee England to the continent where he met Luther personally and began work on an accurate translation of the Bible into English
His translation of the New Testament was published in 1525
His most important contribution to the reformation in England
In 1538 Henry and Cromwell authorised the circulation of the English Bible across every Parish.
Burned as a heretic in Antwerp in 1536
George Cavendish
Wolsey's household servant and first biographer
Wrote 'Life and Death of Cardinal Wolsey' 30 years after Wolsey's death
We should expect Cavendish's account to be trustworthy because of the proximity of a gentleman usher to his master
Did not enter Wolsey's household until 7 years after his was named Lord Chancellor
Was not involved with Wolsey's political side only his personal side. Therefore he cannot tell us much about Wolsey's policy making
Sheds light on the Great Matter and is sympathic to his master's cause
Was with Wolsey up to his death in 1530, so offers a personal insight into the Cardinal's final year.
Polydore Vergil
Italian Humanist who was in the court of Henry VII in 1502 to act as deputy collector of the Peter's Pence
Gained a reputation as a fine scholar and was commissioned to write the history of England.
Anglia Historia was published in 1535.
The second edition covers Wolsey's career.
Vergil had an on-going feud with Wolsey.
He felt slightly aggrieved by the new King's patronage of other Italian Humanists at court.
Did little to enhance Wolsey's hopes of attaining a Cardinal's hat through his rude letters back to Rome.
Wolsey condemned Vergil to a spell in the Tower in 1515
Inevitable he would not write kindly of Wolsey in his Anglia Historia
Bishop John Fisher (1469-1535)
Supporter of the Papacy and Catherine of Aragon
Denied outright the idea of Royal Supremacy over the Church
Condemned to death under the new Treason Act in June 1535 but was beheaded instead
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