Nutritional needs: essential vitamins and minerals
(Vitamin B, zinc, sodium, chloride, magnesium), no sugar
or salt for rapid growth and development.
Dietary needs: breast or instant
formula milk, gradual weaning
need lots of iron as after birth
the iron stores deplete.
Pre-school children
(12 moths - 4 years)
Dietary needs: balanced diet for growth and
development, good quantities of calcium, iron,
phosphorus, zinc, need a good source of fibre,
sensible eating patterns
Nutritional needs: increased enegry
and vitamin requirments
more exposure to sunlight for vitamin D and to become
active to reduce childhood obesity and allow rapid healthy
growth..
Young children
Dietary needs: healthy balanced diet,
starchy foods, 5 a day of fruit and
vegetables.
4-6 years
Nutritional needs: increase need for energy,
protein and all vitamins and minerals except
vitamin C,D and iron.
sunlight is the vitamin D source
7-10 years
Nutritional needs: increased requirement
for protein, energy and all vitamins and
minerals except vitamin C,A and thiamine.
Adolescents
Dietary needs: starchy foods, high
in protein, low in fat, sugar, higher
calcium (dairy) and iron (red meats).
Nutritional needs:
11-14 years: energy and protein
(50%) requirments incarese, boys
vitamin and mineral requirement
increases, while girls have higher
iron requirmets than boys
15-18 years: Boys - protein + energy,
vitamins and minerals (zinc, calcium)
req. continues to increase, Calcium
increases as rapid bone development.
Girls - higher iron requirement, lower
zinc and calcium, increase req. for
energy, protein and vitamins +
minerals.
larger appetites due to puberty,
growth and development.
Elderly
Dietary needs: starchy based meals, oily fish (good
source of protein and avoids thrombosis) , fresh
fruit and vegetables, red meats and leafy green
vegetables for iron sources, calcium rich foods
(cheese, milk) for bone health.
Nutritional needs: less active so energy requirements reduce,
protein requirements is less for men but increases for women,
same need for vitamins and minerals especially calcium intake.
zinc is good for the immune system and good iron intake reduces
anaemia risk.
more likely to be deficient in
folate and vitamin D,C.
Adults (19-50 years)
Dietary needs: healthy balanced
diet, starchy foods, lots of fruit and
vegetables, eat more fish, low fat
and sugar, less salt.
Nutritional needs: don't need as much
nutrition as they have stopped growing,
energy rudiments lower compared to
adolescents.
calcium, phosphorus intake decrease for
both men and women. men iron intake
lowers and women's magnesium intake
lowers.
don't skip breakfast, drink more
water, exercise plenty (2hrs a
week).
Pregnant women
Nutritional needs:
need sufficient energy,
protein, vitamin D,C,
folate, iron and calcium
folic acid should be taken for the
first 12 weeks of to help prevent
spina bifida.
Dietary needs: high in
iron (red and lean meat, beans,
pulses), dairy products,
starchy foods, fresh fruit
and vegetables.
NO pate or soft
cheese
Vegetarians
Dietary needs: need a balanced diet low in
saturated fats, contains 5, portions
of fruit and vegetables, good calcium
source and vitamins + minerals.
Nutritional needs: need an adequate intake of
essential nutrients; vitamins and minerals (Vitamin
D. B12, iodine, calcium and iron), amino acids,
energy and fat.
vegans need to consider sources of
calcium (milk, yoghurts) and iodine (vegetables, cereals).
female vegetarians need to
consume efficient iron quantities.