PhySci: Ch.4 & 5

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Ch.4 Periodic Table

The number of valence electrons and the Group number are related.

Group 1= 1 valence electron

Group 2= 2 valence electron

Group 3-12 = 3 valence electron

Group 13= 3 valence electron

Group14= 4 valence electron

Group 15= 5 valence electron

Group 16= 6 valence electron

Group 17= 7 valence electron

Group 18= 8 valence electron

Some Vocab Words and Properties

Luster- shiny

Malleable- ability of a substance to be hammered out a thin sheet.

Ductility- Ability of a substance to be drawn into a wire.

Ionization energy- Energy needed in order to strip an electron away from an atom.

Electronegativity- strength that an atom has to hold on to its electrons when the atom is interacting with other atoms.

Brittle- breaks when stressed instead of bending.

Dull- does not reflect light, not shiny.

Properties of the Metals

Lustrous

Malleable

Dectile

Transition metal ions produce color in aqueous solution

Low ionization energies

Low electronegativities

Good conductors of heat and electricity

Solid at room temperature- except mercury.

Tend to lose electrons to form smaller ions.

Properties of the Nonmetals

Brittle

Dull

High electro-negativities

High ionization energies

Poor conductors of heat and electricity

Usually gases, molecular solids, or network solids at room temperature- except bromine

Tend to gain electrons to form larger ions.

Metalloids are NOT Metals nor are they Nonmetals

AKA semi-metals

Elements that have some properties which would cause them to be grouped with nonmetals, are also some properties which would cause them to be grouped with the metals of the Periodic table.

Since one of the properties of a metal is to conduct electricity, these are sometimes known as semi-conductors.