Notes for 3/17/2026 Chemistry Test

Page 1

VOCAB

Chemical Equation - A way to show a chemical reaction using formulas and symblos

Law of Conservation of Mass - Matter cannot be created or destroyed

Balanced equation - An equation with the same number of each type of atom on both sides

Subscript - A small number in the formula that shows how many atoms of an element are in a compound.

Synthesis - Two or more substances combined to make one

Decomposition - 1 compounds breaks apart

Single Displacement - One element replaces another in a compound

Combination - Putting things together

Double Displacement - Two compounds swap partners (like a dance)

Combustion - A substance reacts with oxygen and releases energy

IMPORTANT - Combination and Synthesis are the same thing!!!

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FACTS

Balancing Equations -

You can only change a coefficient when balancing, never the subscripts

He number of atoms in each element should be equal on both sides of the equation

Leave hydrogen for last when balancing equations because they normally work themselves out

Balancing equations shows that mass is conserved.

Solubility Rules -

Solubility tells you is something dissolves in water (aq) or forms a solid (s)

Always Soluble*

Group One (i, Na, K, ect...)

NH^4 (ammonium)

NO^3 (nitrate)

C^2H^3O^2

Usually Insoluble*

CO^3

PO^4

S^2

OH

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ACTIVITY SERIES CHART

Elements cannot replace anything above them. The reaction does not occur in this situation

Page 4

TYPES OF REACTIONS

To perform, observe, classify, and balance the equations of the five different types of chemical reactions.

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NET IONS

Net Ionic Equations - An equation that shows only the ionic substances that are actually involved in the reaction. It simplifies the overall reaction.

Spectator Ions - Ions that are NOT involved in the precipitate reaction. They are removed from the equation.

STEPS

1) Balance the equation

2) Eliminate the spectator ions which are aqueous on both sides of the equation. The solid precipitate remains. Cross out spectator ions.

3) The net ionic equation includes the ions that are leftover. Include the charges in the ions involved.

4) Balance the remaining equation

DON'T FORGET -

BALANCE EQUATIONS

INCLUDE CHARGES

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OXIDATION REDUCTION REACTIONS

An oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction is a chemical

reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two

substances.

Oxidation – process when a substance loses an electron

Reduction - process when a substance gains an electron

“Redox” reactions are common and vital to some of the basic functions of life, including photosynthesis, respiration, combustion, and corrosion or rusting.

L-E-O = losing electron oxidation

G-E-R = gaining electron reduction

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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Photosynthesis – the electron that is

transferred is in the H atom

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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Cellular Respiration - the electron that is

transferred is in the H atom