Diet & Disease Summary

Cholesterol LDL HDL Bad Good

Heart Attacks Plaques Block arteries Rupture Oxygen deprivation

BMIBMI = mass/height*

Metabolism Metabolic Rate Affected by: Gender Age Genetic Make-up Fitness Level Physical Size Diet

Pathogens Viruses Bacteria Fungi Protozoa Macro-parasite Spread of pathogens Differences Direct Contact Indirect Contact

Semmelweiss 1870s Doctors of the time Calcium Chloride

Defence against Disease 1st line of defence: Skin 2nd line of defence: Blood cells and stomach acid Antibiotics Vaccination Blood cells Stomach Acid Platelets White Blood Cells Red Blood Cells Phagocytes Lymphocytes MRSA Mutation Jenner Immunity

Aseptic techniques

Pandemics/Edpidemics

Type of saturated fat (lipid) required for body functions, also part of cell membrane structure.

Chemical reactions in cells (in cytoplasm)

Micro-organisms that cause disease. An infectious disease is one transmitted from person to person with contact with the pathogen.

An experiment/operation performed under sterile conditions. Flame sterilisation is a good idea.

Speed at which chemical reactions occur in cells

Fatty foods and genetic make-up can cause build-up of plaques in arteries

Reduces free flow of blood in arteries to heart, if pressure put on it bursts.

If the person exerts themselves the heart rate increases, and more pressure is put on artery till plaque ruptures and blood clot forms, stopping flow of blood. Adrenalin from pain increases heart rate again.

Areas of body are deprived of oxygen and heart stops beating due to distress signals. Heart muscle cells burst.

Low density lipoproteins- carry cholesterol in the blood from liver. Can lead to formation of black clot and chronic heart disease. 

High density lipoproteins- carry cholesterol from the blood to the liver where it is stored. 

HIV, Polio etc..

Tuberculosis 

Yeasts and Moulds

Malaria caused by mosquito saliva

Head lice, tape worm

Macro-parasites and protozoa

Air and contaminated items- bacteria, viruses, fungi...

It wasnt until the 19th century that germs were identified and recognised as a treatable cause of disease.

At the time doctors did not want to admit that hygiene was a problem so ignored Semmelweiss's advice.

Used calcium chloride as an antiseptic on surfaces

Acts as a physical barrier against pathogens

Only for bacteria- drugs that target bacterial infections

The very low pH of our stomach acid means it is very acidic so may kill many pathogens that cannot cope in the high acidity

In 1796 Edward Jenner realised milkmaids who came into contact with cowpox were immune to smallpox

The injection of dead or inactive pathogens of the disease can evoke a response from the body's immune system so they can cope with the virus when they come into contact with it again. It will know the correct antibodies

A very resistant strand of Staphylococcus Aureus. 

Mutation- change in DNA. The original bacterium that is nto resistant mutates till it is resistant, multiplying as the weaker strands are killed off by antibiotics. Then there is a colony of resistant bacteria 

Wait in blood for cut so they can form a scab

Produce anti-toxins to neutralise pathogen

Large surface area, carry oxygen around body, no nucleus

Phagocytosis- Engulf into vacuole to destroy with enzymes

Produce antibodies that bind to antigens on surface of pathogen. This makes a large clump to be engulfed by phagocytes

Pandemic- country/world Epidemic- population or community

Diet & Disease

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