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Flashcards

Hardware

tmtombeni2 IT Theory Inglês 46 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (46)

  1. 13 Functions of the Motherboard1. Allows other circuits to connect to it.
    2. Ensures that all components can communicate.
    3. Distributes power to the parts that connect to it.
  2. 22 Advantages of a modular design.Makes it easy to:
    1. Repair the computer by replacing a broken or faulty component.
    2. Upgrade the computer by adding new parts or replacing existing ones.
  3. 3Functions of the CPUThe Machine Cycle:
    1. Fetching instructions and data from memory.
    2. Decoding Instructions.
    3. Executing instructions.
    4. Transferring data back to memory.
  4. 4What is ROM.Read only Memory. Non volatile. Software stored on it is called firmware.
  5. 5What is a BIOSBasic Input Output System is the lowest level of firmware or software that is stored on ROM chips on the motherboard.
  6. 6Name 4 functions of the BIOS's Firmware1. Controls Hardware at the lowest level
    2. Provides the user with a menu or set of options to configure the computer at the lowest level.
    3. Checks that all the important hardware is present and working (POST).
    4. Locates and loads the OS.
  7. 7What is the CMOSThe Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor memory is where the Bios settings that can be changed are stored.
  8. 8How is ROM used in other devices.In smartphones and tablets it is where the OS is stored. It is where the firmware for devices such as printers are stored.
  9. 9What is EEPROM.Electronically erasable reprogrammable read-only memory is a type of ROM that can be electronically erased then have a new firmware image writing on to it.
  10. 10What is Flashing? What are its advantages?It is wiping the contents of EEPROM and loading a new Firmware image onto the EEPROM.
    Updated firmware allows for the fixing of bugs, improved performance or new features.
  11. 11What is RAM.Random access memory, all Data and instructions have to be loaded into ram before the CPU can work with them.
  12. 12Name 5 Characteristics of RAM.1. Electronic (no moving parts)
    2. Fast
    3. Volatile (losses contents when it loses power)
    4. Relatively Expensive
    5. Limited by : The OS and the number of slots on the MotherBoard.
  13. 13What is the Role of the Graphics/Video CardIt's job is to generate output in the form of images that are displayed on the monitor.
  14. 14What is the System Clock?The System Clock is a very small Quartz Crystal that pulses at regular intervals. It is used to co-ordinate activities such as data transfer on the motherboard. its speed is measured in GHz.
  15. 15What is Clock Multiplication?Components can run at different speeds to the System Clock by running at multiples or fractions of the clock speed.
  16. 16What is a BUS?a set of wires on a circuit board that are used to transfer data between the components of a computer.
    Bus style connections are legacy.
  17. 17What are point to point connections?Sets of wires that are used to transfer data between components. They are dedicated which means they are not shared between multiple components.
  18. 18What is the advantage of point to point connections.Data can between two components can be transited faster as it cannot be interrupted by data from other devices.
  19. 19How is point-to-point transmission (CPU to RAM) further sped up.1. DIMM slots on the Motherboard are moved closer to the CPU to reduce the distance data has to travel.
    2. The connection is serial (data is sent one bit at a time).
  20. 20Name to Point to point connections.1. CPU to RAM
    2. CPU to Graphics card.
  21. 21What is a hardware interrupt?A hardware Interrupt (IRQ or Interrupt Request Line) is a signal to the CPU emitted by hardware indicating an event that needs immediate attention. The CPU stops what is doing, deals with the device then goes back to the program it was working on.
  22. 22Name 3 things a device needs in order to communicate with the motherboard.1. Some way to get the attention of the CPU (an interrupt)
    2. An are of memory it can use for the data it needs to send and receive.
    3. Driver Software.
  23. 23What is Plug and Play?The Technology that automates the configuration processes of a device before it can be used.
  24. 24How does plug and play work?1. When a device is plugged in it identifies itself to the OS and specifies the size of the data area it needs to use.
    2. The OS allocates the device an IRQ and an area of memory.
    3. The OS then checks to see if it has the appropriate driver software.
    4. If it finds the driver it loads it otherwise it prompts the user to install the driver.
  25. 25What is a Bottleneck?When a faster medium is slowed down by the speed of a slower medium.
  26. 26Name 3 places where Caching is used.1. CPU
    2. Storage
    3. Communication
  27. 27How is Caching used in the CPU?Modern CPU's run at much higher speeds than the motherboard, which means they have to make extensive use of cache to opperate at maximum efficiency.
  28. 28How is caching used in storage?RAM is faster than other types of storage so the OS reserves a portion of RAM to cache data that has recently been read from the disk.
  29. 29How is Cache used in communications.Web Caching:
    Web pages that have been recently accessed are stored locally on the computer so that they can be retrieved quicker the next time they are accessed.
  30. 30What is the Purpose of Caching?To prevent bottlenecks (a slower medium from being slowed down by a faster medium.)
  31. 31Name 3 Advantages of a laptop as a mobile technology1.Powerful CPU
    2. Expandable
    3. Full Scale Operating system.
  32. 32Name 4 Disadvantages of a laptop as a mobile device.1. Size (to large)
    2. Battery life (to short)
    3. No built in cellular data
    4. Not "always on"
  33. 33Name 5 advantages of a smart phone as a mobile device.1. "Always on"
    2. Convergent device
    3. Small size
    4. Built in cellular data
    5. Built-in sensors
  34. 34Name 3 Disadvantages of a smart phone as a mobile device.1. Mobile OS
    2. Input can be difficult
    3. Not easily expandable
  35. 35Name 4 advantages of dedicated E-Readers.1. Long Battery Life
    2. Small and light
    3. Cheaper than tablets and smartphones
    4. Easy to read in sunlight.
  36. 36Name 2 Disadvantages of dedicated E-Readers.1. Single Purpose device
    2. An Extra item to carry around.
  37. 37Name 4 Advantages of mobility.1. Carry fewer items
    2. Combine functions in new and creative ways.
    3. Are not restricted by time or location.
    4. You can achieve or produce more in less time.
  38. 38What is the Difference between mobile technology and mobile devices?Mobile Technology includes laptops but Mobile devices are only tablets and smartphones.
  39. 39Describes what is meant by "Always on" in regards to mobile Technology.-
  40. 40Name 3 constraints on mobile Technology.1. Battery Life
    2. Size
    3. Speed and Availability of Communications.
  41. 41What is a RAID>Redundant Array of Inexpensive disks.
  42. 42What does "Convergence" Refer to?-
  43. 43What is primary memory? What is secondary memory?Memory that is accessed directly by the CPU (RAM, ROM, CACHE).
    Non- Volatile memory that is never accessed directly by the CPU (HDD)
  44. 44What is the purpose of the chipset on the motherboard?IT Manages data flow between Components.
  45. 45How does a instruction pipeline in a CPU increases the efficiency of the CPU?It improves throughput by completing multiple parts of instructions simultaneously. Each Stage processes a part of the instruction cycle in parallel with other stages.
  46. 46Give 2 differences between DRAM and SRAM.DRam needs to be refreshed and is cheaper and slower.

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IT Theory FlashCards sobre Hardware, criado por tmtombeni2 em 21-08-2014.
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tmtombeni2
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