Flashcards
Chapter 1
Flashcards do conjunto (50)
- 1Environmental Sciencea systematic study of our environment and our place in it.
- 2Interdisplinaryinvolves many different disciplines coming together to solve and analyse problems.
- 3environmentalismworking to influence attitudes and policies; activism
- 4DiversityMany different types of living things filling different niches
- 5climate changedue to fossil fuels; human activities have a hig C02 concentration and other greenhouse gases over the last 200 years.
- 6Hungerfood production has rise over the past 100 years but would hunger remain a problem.
- 7Clean water1.1 billion people lack access to safe drinking water. Polluted water kills 15 million people
- 8Energyfossil fuels make up 80% of the energy used supplies are diminishing and are pollution is tied to their wage.
- 9Air Qualityhas worsened especially in China, India; three million people died each year due to diseased triggered by air pollution.
- 10Biodiversity losshabitat destruction, overexploitation, pollution, and invasive species are the leading cause of loss.
- 11Marine resourcesMore than 3/4 fish stocks are severely depleted.
- 12Populationgas stabilized in most industrially countries; an average number of children born has lowered.
- 13pollutionpollution has decreased, cities are cleaner in Europe and America.
- 14Healthinfections diseases are lower, some eradicated due to sanitation, vaccination, and other medical technology.
- 15Renewable Energydramatic and suprising growth in wind, solar and biomass; cost have lower.
- 16Information and Educationliteracy and access to education are expanding; interact has spread information.
- 17Conservation of Forests and Nature Preservesdeforestation rate has slowed in Asia from 8% -> 1%; nature preserves have rised.
- 18Protection of Marine Resoursesmarine protected areas are being implemented and acknowledgment for the need has risen.
- 19Throughputomit of resources we use and dispose of
- 20Exosystem servicesare the resources provided by environmental systems
- 21Tragedy of the commonsan essay published by 1968 by Garret Hardin
Stated that population growth leads to overuse and then destruction of common resources. - 22Sustainabilitysearch for ecological stability and human progress than can last over the long term.
- 23Sustainable developmentmeeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
- 24Scienceis a process framework for understanding the Natural world.
Produces knowledge
is a body of knowledge
uses observations both direct and indirect to gather evidence. - 25reproduibilityability to reproduce an experiment and get the same outcome.
- 26ReplicationRepeating studies or using multiple test subjects in an experiment.
- 27Inductive Reasoningreasoning from many observations to produce a general rule
- 28Deductive Reasoninglogical reasoning from general to specific.
- 29Hypothesisa testable explanation of a relationship between two variables
- 30Scientific Theoryan explanation that has been supported by a large number of tests. A majority of experts agree on the explanation
- 31Probability reduces uncertainitythe likelihood that something is to happen.
- 32Probabilitya measure of how likely something is to occur.
- 33Natural experimentobservation of events that have already happened
- 34Manipulative experimentconditions are deliberately altered and other variables held constant
- 35Blind Experimentto avoid bias; researcher doesn't know which group receives the treatment until after analysis.
- 36Double- blind experimentneither the researcher nor the test subject knows who received the treatment
- 37Dependent variableresponding variable; affected by the independent variables
graphed on the y- axis. - 38Independent variablemanipulated or changed variable
- 39Scientific consensusSharing of ideas, debating, testing, retesting to come to the same conclusions
- 40History of enviromental Protectionenvironmental degradation has happened throughout human history.
- 41George Perkins Marshgeographer, lawyer, politician, diplomat
published Man and nature 1864
Alarmed by destruction and waste of resources or American frontier. - 42Theodore Rooseveltthe leader of populist progressive- moved forest management to Department of Ag
Helped established framework for national parks and puseues - 43Gifford PinchotChief conservation advisor to Theo Roosevelt
1st american born professional forester; chief of foust service. - 44Utilitarian Conservationforests should be saved because they provide homes and jobs for people.
- 45John Muirexplorer, geologist, author, 1st president of the Sierra Club
argued that nature deserved to exist for its own sake - 46Aldo Leopoldwrote sand Country Almanac, founded wilderness Society
planted thousands of trees to restore health and beauty of land. - 47Rachel Carsonwrote silent spring 1962, campaigned against widespread used of pesticides
- 48David Browerintroduced techniques of lobbying and activism.
- 49Barry Commonermolecular biologist linked science, technology, and society.
- 50Wanari Maathai and greenbelt movementorganized poor rural women to restore their enviroment. Grassroots organzation that has grown in Kenya has planted more than 30 million trees and mobilized communities to take on justice and reduce poverty and conserve environment.
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- Environment Biology FlashCards sobre Chapter 1, criado por Charlotte Sluder em 01-02-2018.
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- Charlotte Sluder
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